MMSC 200 Exam 3

angiogram

x-ray record of blood vessels (AN-je-o-gram)

angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel (AN-je-o-plas-te)

anoxia

without oxygen (a-NOK-se-a)

aorta

largest artery in the body (a-OR-ta)

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aorta (a-OR-tik set-NO-sis)

apex of the heart

lower tip of the heart; bottom of the heart (A-peks of the hart)

arrhythmia

irregular or abnormal heartbeat; literally without rhythm (a-RITH-me-a)

arterial anastomosis

surgical connection between two arteries (ar-TE-re-al a-nas-to-MO-sis)

arteriography

x-ray recording of arteries; contrast is injected (ar-te-re-OG-ra-fe)

arteriole

small artery (ar-TE-re-ol)

arteriosclerosis

hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque (ar-te-re-o-skle-RO-sis)

artery

largest type of blood vessel; a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart (AR-te-re)

atherectomy

removal of plaque (lipids and clots) that accumulate in the lining of an artery (a-the-REK-to-me)

atheroma

mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery (ath-er-O-ma)

atherosclerosis

fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery; a form of arteriosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)

atrial

pertaining to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) (A-tre-al)

atrioventricular bundle

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) (a-tre-o-ven-TRIK-u-lar BUN-dl)

atrioventricular node

specialized tissue in walls between the atria; electrical impulses pass from the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) though the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles
(a-tre-o-ven-TRIK-u-lar nod)

atrium (atria pl)

one of two upper chambers of the heart (A-tre-um; A-tre-a)

brachial artery

artery that carries blood to the arm (BRA-ke-al AR-te-re)

bradycardia

slow heartbeat (brad-e-KAR-de-a)

bundle of His

atrioventricular bundle; a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract (BUN-dl of Hiss)

capillary

smallest type of blood vessel (KAP-i-lar-e)

carbon dioxide

gas produced in issue cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs (KAR-bon di-OK-sid)

cardiogenic shock

circulatory failure due to poor heart function (kar-de-o-JEN-ik shok)

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle (ear-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)

coronary arteries

branches of the aorta bringing oxygen right blood to the heart muscle
(KOR-o-nar-e AR-te-rez)

cyanosis

abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin (si-a-NO-sis)

deoxygenated blood

blood that is oxygen-poor (de-OK-si-je-NA-ted blud)

diastole

Relaxation of the heart; relaxation (di-AS-to-le)

electrocardiogram

record of the electrical activity of the heart (e-lek-tro-KAR-de-o-gram)

endocardium

inner lining of the heart (en-do-KAR-de-um)

endothelium

the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs; innermost lining of blood vessels (en-do-THE-le-um)

hypercholesterolemia

excessive/high levels of cholesterol in the blood (hi-per-ko-les-ter-ol-E-me-a)

hypoxia

deficiency of oxygen in tissues (hi-POK-se-a)

interventricular septum

wall between the ventricles of the heart (in-ter-ven-TRIK-u-lar SEP-tum)

mitral valve

value between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium; alternative name is bicuspid valve (MI-tral valv)

mitral valvulitis

inflammation of the mitral valve (MI-tral val-vu-LI-tis)

myocardium

Thick middle muscle layer of the heart; heart muscle (mi-o-KAR-de-um)

myxoma

benign tumor the connective tissue in the heart tissue; these rare tumors occur most frequently in the left atrium. (mik-SO-ma)

normal sinus rhythm

normal heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node; usually 60 to 100 beats per minute (NOR-mal SI-nus RI-them)

oxygen

gas inhaled and entering the bloodstream through the lungs (OK-si-jen)

pacemaker

specialized nervous tissue (sinoatrial node) in the right atrial wall; it beings the heart beat; a device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat (PAS-ma-ker)

pericardiocentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart
(per-i-kar-de-o-sen-TE-sis)

pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart (per-i-KAR-de-um)

phlebotomy

incision of a vein (for the removal of blood); incision of a vein (fle-BOT-o-me)

pulmonary artery

blood vessel carrying oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs (PUL-mo-ner-e AR-ter-e)

pulmonary circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart (PUL-mo-ner-e ser-ku-LA-shun)

pulmonary valve

valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (PUL-mo-ner-e valv)

pulmonary vein

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart (PUL-mo-ner-e van)

pulse

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries (puls)

septum (septa pl)

wall or partition; the interatrial septum lies between the atria of the heart and the interventricular septum is between the ventricles of the heart (SEP-tum; SEP-ta)

sinoatrial node

sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart; pacemaker (si-no-A-tre-al nod)

sphygmomanometer

instrument to measure blood pressure (sfig-mo-ma-NOM-e-ter)

stethoscope

instrument for listening to sounds in the chest (STETH-o-skop)

systemic circulation

flow of blood from body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues (sis-TEM-ik ser-ku-LA-shun)

systole

Contraction phase of the heart (SIS-to-le)

tachycardia

fast/rapid heart rate (tak-e-KAR-de-a)

thrombolysis

destruction of a clot/blood clot (throm-BOL-i-sis)

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a thrombus or clot (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)

tricuspid valve

valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart (tri-KUS-pid valv)

valve

A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward (valv)

valvotomy

incision of a valve (val-VOT-o-me)

valvuloplasty

surgical repair of a valve (val-vu-lo-PLAS-te)

vascular

pertaining to a blood vessel (VAS-ku-lar)

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels (vaz-o-kon-STRIK-shun)

vasodilation

increase in diameter of a blood vessel; widening of blood vessels; vasodilatation (vaz-o-di-LA-shun)

vein

thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated)blood from body tissues back to the heart (vayn)

vena cava (venae cavae pl)

Largest vein in the body; venae cavae (inferior and superior) return blood to the heart from the body tissues (VE-na KA-va; VE-ne KA-ve)

venipuncture

incision of a vein to remove blood (ve-ni-PUNK-chur)

venous

pertaining to a vein (VE-nus)

ventricle

one of two lower chambers of the heart (VEN-tri-kl)

venule

small vein (VEN-ul)

adenoid hypertrophy

increased development of adenoids (AD-e-noyd hi-PER-tro-fe)

adenoidectomy

removal/excision of the adenoids (ad-e-noyd-EK-to-me)

adenoids

small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal (nose) passageway (AD-e-noydz)

alveolar

pertaining to the alveolus (al-VE-o-lar)

alveolus (alveoli pl)

individualized section of an air sac in the lung; air sac in the lung (al-VE-o-lus; al-VE-o-li)

anosmia

loss/absence of the sense of smell (an-OS-me-a)

apex of the lung

uppermost portion of the lung (A-peks of the lung)

apical

pertaining to the tip of an organ (A-pi-kal)

apnea

absence of breathing (AP-ne-a)

asphyxia

deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream leading to unconsciousness or death
(as-FIK-se-a)

atelectasis

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli (a-te-LEK-ta-sis)

base of the lung

lower portion of the lung (bas of the lung)

bronchiectasis

abnormal condition of the lung in which bronchi become damaged and widened (dilated); usually secondary to infection; dilation of bronchi (brong-ke-EK-ta-sis)

bronchioles

small bronchial tubes; airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli (BRONG-ke-olz)

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the bronchioles (brong-ke-o-LI-tis)

bronchodilator

agent that dilated (widens) blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm; a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs; widens bronchi (brong-ko-DI-la-ter)

bronchopleural

pertaining to a bronchial tube and pleura or pleural cavity (brong-ko-PLOO-ral)

bronchospasm

involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi o-spazm)

bronchus (bronchi pl)

branch of the trachea that leads toward the air sacs of the lungs (BRONG-kus; BRONG-ki)

carbon dioxide

gas produced in tissue cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs; CO2 (KAR-bon di-OK-sid)

cilia

thin hairs that are attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining passageways in the body; ______ found in respiratory tract and in fallopian tubes of females
(SIL-e-a)

cyanosis

abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin; resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood (si-a-NO-sis)

diaphragm

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; _____ moves up and down and aids in breathing (DI-a-fram)

dysphonia

abnormal voice or sound produced when speaking (dis-FO-ne-a)

dyspnea

difficulty breathing (DISP-ne-a)

empyema

pus in the pleural space (cavity); pyothorax (em-pi-E-ma)