Gametogenesis Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to gametogenesis, including germ cell development, mechanisms of meiosis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis processes.

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs)

Cells that give rise to gametes and are formed in the epiblast during the second week of development.

Gametes

Reproductive cells (sperm and oocyte) that unite during fertilization to form a zygote.

Gametogenesis

The process involving the formation, migration, and proliferation of germ cells to develop into gametes.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells from a diploid cell.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, maintaining the original chromosome number.

Oogenesis

The process whereby oogonia differentiate and develop into mature oocytes.

Spermatogenesis

The process involving the transformation of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa.

Polar Bodies

Cells resulting from the meiotic divisions of oocytes that typically degenerate and do not develop into mature eggs.

Zygote

The fertilized egg formed from the union of a sperm and an oocyte.

Zona Pellucida

A thick, transparent membrane surrounding the oocyte, formed by glycoproteins secreted by granulosa cells.

Antrum

Fluid-filled spaces that coalesce in developing follicles, indicating the follicle's maturation.

During Puberty

The phase when primordial follicles begin to mature and primary oocytes resume their development.

Sertoli Cells

Supporting cells in the male testis that facilitate the development of sperm cells during spermatogenesis.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone that triggers ovulation and regulates spermatogenesis in males by stimulating testosterone production.

FSH (Follicle-stimulating Hormone)

A hormone essential for the development of gametes, particularly in stimulating Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis.

Spermiogenesis

The transformation process of spermatids into mature spermatozoa.

Abnormal Gametes

Gametes that exhibit defects such as abnormal morphology or impaired motility, which can affect fertility.