immune system lecture - pathology

when a foreign material is not eliminated, what occurs

chronic inflammation

inflammation causes vaso____

dilation

innate immunity characteristics

responds quickly, non specific, does not adapt, physical barriers (skin), cells, proteins

adaptive immunity characteristics

longer to activate, selective, specific, adapts, has memory, consists of cells (lymphocytes), antibodies, cytokines

cells that initiate inflammation

platelets, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils

main cells in allergic reactions

mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

wbc whose role in inflammation

basophil

wbc whose role is allergic reaction

eosinophils

first responder to infection

neutrophil

4 cells of innate immunity

monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells

engulf and degrade pathogens via phagocytosis

monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils,

Bacterial infections are often phagocytized by ____

neutrophils

B cells make

antibodies

define antibody

protein that binds to foreign antigen, targeting it for destruction

types of T cells

cytotoxic and helper

clonal expansion

the rapid multiplication of B or T cell clones after activation by an antigen

all specific to the same antigen

cytokines

proteins secreted by cells of the immune system that serve as chemical messengers for cell communication

produces all blood and immune cells

bone marrow

location for T cell maturation and education of self and nonself

thymus

meeting place for bacteria and immune cells

lymph nodes

lymph nodes filter

lymph fluid

filters blood, removes bacteria, serves as meeting place for bacteria and immune cells in the blood

spleen

B and T cells are

lymphocytes

exercise increases

NK cells, lymphocytes (B and T cells), neutrophils

neutrophils respond to ___ exercise

eccentric

hours for IS to recover after strenuous exercise

6-24 hours

strenuous exercise decreases

NK cells and lymphocytes

no strenuous exercise if

fever above 99 deg, symptoms below neck

aging brings decreased ____ of B and T cells

diversity

an immune response to a self antigen or protein

autoimmunity

HIV infects immune cells, particularly ___ cells and ____

T cells, macrophages

HIV replicates within the cells and ___ it (kills from within)

lyses

HIV becomes AIDs when CD4 is below

500 cells/ml

which type of hypersensitivity causes antibodies to be immediately released from the surface of mast cells, triggering histamine and other inflammatory mediators

type 1

type 4 hypersensitivity

poison ivy, latex

type 1 hypersensitivity

allergic reactions and anaphylaxis

anaphylaxis is ___ rather then local

systemic

anaphylaxis symptoms

vasodilation/BP decrease, bronchospasm, edema

what can slow/stop anaphylaxis

antihistamines, epinephrine injection