2a, c (psych) - i hate this fucking class

let me go home and play persona

concept

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

prototype

mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a qucik and easy method for sorting items into categories

Schemas

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schema’s

Accomodation

adapting our current schemes to incorporate new information

Algorithm

methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier, but also more error-prone use of heuristics

Heuristic

simple thinkign strategy, mental shortcut, that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more prone to error than an algorithm

Repressentative Heuristic

judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant info

Availibility Heuristic

judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind we presume such events as common

Mental Set

tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often in a way that has been successful in the past

Priming

a phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, often without conscious awarenessF

Framing

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements

Executive Functions

cognitive skills that work together, enabling us to generate, organize, plan, and implement goal-directed behavior

Creativity

ability to produce new and/or valuable ideas

Divergent Thinking

expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

Convergent thinking

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the best solutions

Gambler’s Fallacy

the mistaken belief that past independent events influence future independent events, causing one to believe a "losing" streak is more likely to be followed by a "winning" one, and vice versa

Sunk Cost Fallacy

a cognitive bias where people continue an endeavor based on the resources they've already invested (like time, money, or effort), rather than on future costs and benefits

functional fixedness

a cognitive bias in AP Psychology that prevents individuals from thinking of an object's use beyond its traditional or conventional function