plant nutrition

What are autotrophic organisms

Organisms that make their own food (photosynthesis).

Why do plants need a transport system?

To provide materials needed for various metabolic processes including photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and reproduction.

What are root hairs and how are they adapted for their function?

~extensions of the epidermis
•thin walls
•large surface area

How does water enter root hair cells?

Water enters root hair cells by osmosis.

What are the three forces that contribute to upward movement of water in plants?

1) Root pressure (pushing)
2) Transpiration (pulling )
3) Cohesion-tension model.

What is root pressure?

Root pressure is the force that can push water up a stem from the root, created when water moves up the root by osmosis and builds up pressure.

What is transpiration?

Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the surface of a plant, which helps pull water up through the plant.

How does the cohesion-tension model explain water transport in tall plants?

It explains that water molecules stick together (cohesion) and are pulled up through the plant against gravity as water evaporates from the stomata.

What is cohesion?

Cohesion is the force of attraction between similar molecules, causing water molecules to stick together.

What is adhesion?

Adhesion is the force of attraction between different molecules, such as water and xylem walls.

How does the adhesive force between water and xylem walls compare to the cohesive force between water molecules?

The adhesive force between water and xylem walls is lower than the cohesive force between water molecules.

What role do stomata play in plant water transport?

Stomata are openings on the underside of leaves that allow for the loss of water vapor during transpiration.

What are lenticels and where are they found?

Lenticels are openings on the stem that facilitate gas exchange.

What is the significance of lignin in xylem?

Lignin provides structural support and helps maintain the integrity of the xylem vessels.

What is the function of tracheids in the xylem?

Tracheids are specialized cells in the xylem that facilitate the transport of water.

What is the composition of glucose in plants?

C6H12O6.

What is the role of companion cells in the phloem?

Companion cells assist in the transport of nutrients and support the sieve tube cells in the phloem.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of water from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration, aiding water uptake.

What are the adaptations of root hairs that enhance their function?

Root hairs have thin walls, a large surface area, and are not covered by cuticle, enhancing water absorption.