Aquatics state 2.0

CWA goal

to restore and maintain the chemical, pyshical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters mechanism

CWA legal mechanism

illegal to discharge into navigable water way without a permit

endangered

organisms that have become so rare they are in danger of becoming extinct

threatened

organisms that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range

HABS

high light conditions, high phosphoryus, agricultural runoff, urban runoff, leaking septic systems, zebra mussels cause:

DES

motor water dualist, issue permits, enforce state and federal regulation

DNR

motor fisheries/wildlife

lakes

formed by a depression in the watershed where run off collects and fills the low lying area until it overflows

rivers

moving bodies of water formed by runoff that does not get absorbed by the ground and runs off the surface

wetlands

when ground covers are flooded or saturated in water

confined aquifer

where thick deposits overly the aquifer and confine it from the Earth’s surface or other rocks

unconfined aquifer

where the rock is directly open at the surface of the ground and groundwater is directly recharged, for example by rainfall or snow melt

largemouth bass

brown trout

spotted sucker

striped bass

smallmouth bass

rainbow trout

bowfin

brook trout

longnose gar

sawcheeck darter

carp

bluegill

redear sunfish

channel catfish

gizzard shad

mosquitofish

wetlands

marshes (tidal salt marshes, tidal freshwater marshes, non tide marshes), swamps, Carolina bays, vernal pools, bogs/pocosins are all:

average not <5.0 low of 4.0

dissolved o2

don’t exceed 200 colonies/100 ml

fecal coliform

6.0-8.5

pH

don't exceed 50 NTUS (25 for lakes)

turbidity

CMC = 1.6 CCC = 0.9

mercury

ccc = 0.014

PCBS

<0.02

blue ridge TP

<10

blue ridge Chl a

0.35

blue ridge TN

<0.06

Piedmont/s plains TP

<40

Piedmont/s plains Chl a

1.5

Piedmont/s plains TN

<0.09

Mid Atlantic TP

<40

Mid Atlantic Chl a

0.35

Mid Atlantic TN

Point Source Pollution

Distinct location from which pollution is directly produced

Non Point Source Pollution

Combination of pollutants from a large area rather than one specific location

Stream Order

Hierarchy of streams that shows how streams come together and flow into a bigger body of water

Tributary

A river or stream that flows into a larger body of water

Fecal Coliform

Rod shaped bacterium found in digestive tract of all mammals; used as an indicator of potential diseases that are transferred through feces

Turbidity

How murky the water is; How much sediment is present in the water

PCBs

Industrial pollutants/chemicals called polychlorinated biphenyls

Dissolved Oxygen

How much oxygen is available in the water for organisms; Aquatic organisms use oxygen for cell respiration and most are aerobic

hydrilla

asian clam

zebra mussel

flathead catfish

lionfish

nutria

mayfly sensitive

emphemeroptera

mayfly order

stonefly sensitive

Plecoptera

stonefly order

dragonfly moderately sensitive

damselfly moderately sensitive

odonatta

dragonfly/damselfly order

caddisfly moderately sensitive

trichoptera

caddisfly order

water penny sensitive

Coleoptera

water penny and beetle order;

true bug

Hemiptera

true bugs order

fly tolerant

diptera

fly order

alderfly moderately sensitive

megaloptera

Dobson and alderfly order

Lepidoptera

aquatic caterpillars