Naive CD4 T Cell Differentiation

Peripheral T(reg) Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-2, TGF-Beta

Master Transcriptional Regulator: FoxP3

Effector Cytokines: IL-10, TGF-Beta

Effector Functions: Suppresses immune responses

Role in Disease: Inhibits antitumor response

T Helper 17 Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-6, Il-23, TGF-Beta

Master Transcriptional Regulator: ROR(y)t

Effector Cytokines: IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22

Effector Functions: Combats extracellular pathogens(bacteria/fungi) in barrier tissues

Role in Disease: Autoimmunity tissue inflammation

T Helper 2 Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-4a

Master Transcriptional Regulator: GATA3

Effector Cytokines: IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Effector Functions: Combat helminth(worm) infection, activates eosinophils

Role in Disease: Allergy

T Helper 9 Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-4, TGF-Beta

Master Transcriptional Regulator: PU.1

Effector Cytokines: IL-9

Effector Functions: Combats extracellular pathogens, including worms

Role in Disease: Autoimmunity

T Follicular Helper Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-6, IL-21

Master Transcriptional Regulator: Bcl-6

Effector Cytokines: IL-4, IL-21

Effector Functions: Regulates affinity maturation of GC B cells

T Helper 1 Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-12, IFN-y, IL-18

Master Transcriptional Regulator: T-Bet

Effector Cytokines: IFN-y, TNF

Effector Functions: Combats intracellular pathogens, activates macrophages

Role in Disease: Tissue Inflammation

T Helper 22 Cell

Polarizing Cytokines: IL-6, TNF-alpha

Master Transcriptional Regulator: AHR

Effector Cytokines: IL-22

Effector Functions: Combats extracellular pathogens, particularly in skin

Role in Disease: Inflammatory skin disease