Ichthyology Quiz 1

Exam 1

What is Ichthyology

the study of fishes

What is known about fish biomass

Fish take up the second most abundant biomass on the planet, after insects

What are 6 common things that are seen in most fishes

1. aquatic

2. gills

3. scales

4. fins

5. cold blooded

6. swim

What is Poikilothermic

an organism whose internal body temperature has great fluctuation and range

What is Homothermic

organisms whose internal body temperature stays consistent without much fluctuation

What is the difference between endothermic and ectothermic

endo: create their own body heat

ecto: use enviornment for heat

What does Cephalized mean

an organism with nervous system concentrated towards one end making a brain

What does Chordate mean

they have dorsal support rods, gill slits, and a dorsal nerve cord

difference between the term fish and fishes

Fish: used for one fish or many of the same species

Fishes: used for many of different species

What are the 8 big pros and cons about living in water for fish

1. Common living area: a common medium that can be interconnected and isolated for creation of highly unique diversity

2. Stability and predictability: temperature stays pretty stable

3. Universal solvent: makes it hard for oxygen to be in it creating the use of gills

4. Density: Has a high density so it creates the ability for streamlined bodies and buoyancy organs

5. Incompressibility: allowing fish to fell movements and create lateral line systems

6. Productivity: light has a low penetration strength to deep water bodies so the activity tends to be at the surface and lowers eyesight usage in fish

7. Salt Solubility: Water has high salt solubility and can contain a lot creating salt water fish to conserve water and fresh water to stop drinking water

8. Sound: water can tranmit sound even better than air creating good hearing fish

How are fish distributed between fresh and salt water

fish are almost equal in their distribution of fresh and saltwater fish because freshwater systems create high speciation events to match the species in the vast ocean

draw and label where the listed are

1. anterior

2. posterior

3. proximal

4. distal

5. ventral

6. dorsal

7. right lateral side

8. left lateral side

what is a functional trait

a measurable characteristics of induvial both anatomically and life history features

what does functional traits allow us to do

1. tell when new species are forming

2. notice invasive species

3. understand suitable traits for certain environments

what are the 5 main fish body types

1. fusiform: fast streamlike body

2. Compressed: slow coral rocky fish

3. depressed: flat-bottom dwelling fish

4. eel like: long ribbon-like bodies

5. combination: more globular for deep-sea dwellers

what are common features of Rover predators

1. streamlines

2. pointed heads

3. terminal mouths

4. narrow caudal peduncles

5. forked tails

6. prey seraches

what are common features of ambush predators

2. fish eaters

3. fast swimmers

4. elongated stream like bodies

5. flat heads

6. large toothy mouth

7. large tail fins

8. dorsal and anal fins are on the far back

what are common rover predator species

1. bass

2. salmon

3. tuna

what are common ambush predators

1. pikes

2. barracudas

3. needlefish

common traits of bottom fish

1. small

2. superior mouth

3. flattened heads

4. large dorsal-directed eyes

Common traits of Benthic fish

1. wide body verity

2. adapt for touching the ground/bottom of the water

3. mostly flat

4. small subterminal mouths

5. small eyes

common bottom fish species

1. mosquitofish

2. minnows

3. flying fish

common species of benthic bottom fish

1. catfish

2. flatfish

3. suckers

common traits of deep body fish

1. laterally compressed

2. short deep bodies

3. long dorsal and anal fins

4. small mouths

5. big eyes

6. short snouts

7. pelvic fin hangs under pectoral fin

common traits of eel like bodies

1. elongated bodies

2. blunt heads

3. parried or absent fins

4. dorsal and anal fins run length of the body

common deep body fish

1. clownfish

2. blue tang

3. other rock/coral fish

common eel like fish

1. eels

2. loaches

3. picklebacks

What are tetraodontiforms

a fish shape that doesn’t fit the normal structure seen in pufferfish and boxfish

what is a Syngnathiforms

a type of fish body that doesn’t fit the norm seen in seahorses

What is the difference between medial and lateral fins

medial: nonpaired fins like the dorsal, anal, and tail fin

lateral: paired fins like the pelvic and pectoral fins

Draw a diagram of all the fish fins timed

this picture

Draw a diagram of all fish tails

this picture

draw a diagram of all position the anal fin can be in

this photo

draw each mouth type

this photo

draw each type of scale

this photo

what makes up garnoid scles

they are made up of a basal bone layer, dentine, and ganoine

what makes up cosmoids sacles

They are ancient fish scales made up of two layers of bone plus cosmine and vitrodentine

difference between Ctenoid and Cycloid scales

both are newer scales but Ctenoid have comb-like ends while Cycloids are smooth

What are scutes

they are a boney point structure located on a fish

Who was the first person to really start studying fish and biology

Aristotle

Who is the father of ichthyology and classified fish

Peter Artedi

Who adapted Artedi’s system and made the well-known Systema naturae

Carolus Linneaus

Who was the first to detail north American fish and have a theory of evolution in mind

Constanine Rafinesque

Who created the well-known measurements and ways to dissect and study fish autonomy

Georges Cuvier

Who worked on classifying fossilized fish and bring popularity to science in America

Louis Agassiz

Who was the last person to describe all fish species

Albert Gunther

Who created a lot of the first ichthyology textbooks

David Starr Jordan