Nutrition

These flashcards cover essential terms and definitions related to nutrition, focusing on macronutrients, micronutrients, and their functions and sources.

Carbohydrates

Primary energy source for the body; fuels the brain, muscles, and organs.

Simple carbohydrates

Sugars that provide quick energy.

Complex carbohydrates

Starches and fiber that provide sustained energy.

Sources of carbohydrates

Bread, rice, pasta, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Fat

Provides long-term energy, supports cell growth, protects organs, and aids in vitamin absorption.

Saturated fats

Fats that are typically solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated fats

Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

Trans fats

Artificially created fats that are linked to health risks.

Sources of fat

Oils, butter, avocados, nuts, seeds, fatty fish, and dairy products.

Protein

Builds and repairs tissues, supports immune function, and produces enzymes and hormones.

Sources of protein

Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes, soy, nuts, and seeds.

Minerals

Support bodily processes like bone health, oxygen transport, and enzyme function.

Calcium

A key mineral vital for bone and teeth health.

Iron

Essential for blood and oxygen transport.

Potassium

Important for muscle and nerve function.

Zinc

Supports immune function.

Sources of minerals

Dairy, leafy greens, meat, beans, nuts, and whole grains.

Electrolytes

Help regulate fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle function.

Key electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride.

Sources of electrolytes

Fruits (like bananas, oranges), vegetables, dairy, sports drinks, and salt.

Vitamins

Support immune system, vision, skin health, energy production, and more.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K that dissolve in fats.

Water-soluble vitamins

B-complex and vitamin C that dissolve in water.

Sources of vitamins

Fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats, fortified cereals, and sunlight (for vitamin D).

Fiber

Aids digestion, promotes bowel health, and helps control blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Soluble fiber

Fiber that dissolves in water and helps lower cholesterol.

Insoluble fiber

Fiber that does not dissolve in water and aids in digestion.

Sources of fiber

Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds.

Water

Essential for all bodily functions, regulates temperature, removes waste, and lubricates joints.

Sources of water

Water, beverages, fruits (like watermelon), and vegetables (like cucumbers).