Lecture 3.4 Ankle Foot & Gait

7

7

how many talus bones are there in the foot?

talus

label what's highlighted

calcaneus

label what's highlighted

navicular

label what's highlighted

cuboid

label what's highlighted

medial cuneiform

label what's highlighted

intermediate cuneiform

label what's highlighted

lateral cuneiform

label what's highlighted

5

how many metatarsals are there in the foot?

14

how many phalanges are there in the foot?

dorsiflexion

label the action

plantarflexion

label the action

eversion

label the action

inversion

label the action

talcrural joint and subtalar joint

what two joints make up the ankle joint?

hinge-type joint

what type of joint is the talocrural joint in the ankle?

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

what actions does the talcrural joint perform?

planar/gliding joint

what type of joint is the subtalar joint in the ankle?

inversion and eversion

what actions does the subtalar joint perform?

tendons of the ankle

what assists in dynamic stability of the ankle?

medial

is the medial or lateral side of the ankle stronger?

assist extension of digits

function of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

extensor digitorum brevis of the foot

label what's bordered

extensor hallucis brevis of the foot

label what's bordered

deep fibular nerve

what nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot and is mostly motor?

superficial fibular nerve

what nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot and is mostly sensory?

dorsalis pedis

what artery supplies blood to the dorsum of the foot?

plantar foot

where is the thickest layer of skin on the body?

plantar aponeurosis

deep fascia is specialized into the...

weight-bearing

function of the plantar foot

dense irregular connective tissue

what tissue makes up the plantar aponeurosis?

longitudinal arches

the plantar aponeurosis supports the...

length of the plantar aponeurosis

what determines the height of the arch in the foot?

4

how many layers of plantar muscles are there?

act on toes, support arches, and adapt to uneven ground

function of plantar muscles

medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve

what are the two branches of the tibial nerve?

medial plantar nerve

is the medial or lateral plantar nerve larger?

abdcuctor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi

what are the 3 muscles in the first layer of the plantar muscles?

quadratus plantae and lumbricals

what are the two muscles in the second layer of the plantar muscles?

flexor digitorum brevis

label what's red

flexor digiti minimi

label what's red

abductor hallucis

label the muscle

quadratus plantae

label what's red

lumbricals

label what's red

flex digits and maintain longitudinal arches

function of the second layer of the plantar muscles

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallicus, and flexor digiti minimi brevis

what are the muscles in the third layer of the plantar muscles?

plantar interossei (3) and dorsal interossei (4)

what are the muscles in the fourth layer of the plantar muscles?

adduct (PAD)

function of the plantar interossei

abduct (DAB)

function of the dorsal interossei

lateral plantar nerve cutaneous distribution

label what's highlighted

medial plantar nerve cutaneous distribution

label what's highlighted

tibial nerve cutaneous distribution

label what's highlighted

gait

what is the sequence of lower limb movements during locomotion?

heel-strike to heel-strike

what is one gait cycle?

aerial

running has a(n) __________ phase, where both feet are oof the ground

elastic

running allows ____________ energy storage in tendons