US2 Final Study Guide

Why did Republicans in the late 1800s favor high tariffs?

to protect growing industries within the United States from foreign competition

Who was Thomas Nast?

A political cartoonist that exposed corruption in the city.

What were the Naturalist Novels?

portrayed human misery and the struggles of common people

What did The Jungle describe?

disgusting conditions of a meat factory

What resulted from the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?

Laws regulating workplace safety

What were corrupt political corporations called?

political machines

What were factory conditions like in the late 1800s?

poor and dangerous

What was the 19th amendment?

Women's right to vote

What kind of corporation did Teddy Roosevelt support?

any business that was treating their workers fairly

In 1902 how did Roosevelt react to a coal strike?

He threatened to take the mines over with the army; Arbitrators granted workers a 10% raise and a 9-hour workday instead of 10

Why did George Dewey attack ships in Manila Bay?

to capture or destroy the Spanish Pacific fleet

Who are the Rough Riders?

volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

What kind of trade was favored by the US in China?

Open Door Policy; This would allow all nations free trade

What was "Seward's Folly"?

Purchase of Alaska from Russia

Why was Hawaii annexed?

It was an important port to supply shipments to the Philippines

What is Social Darwinism?

A belief that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them.

What did the US gain after the Span/Am War?

control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam

What is "Big Stick" diplomacy?

Theodor Roosevelts policy of creating and using, when necessary, a strong military to achieve mericas goals.

What was the Triple Alliance in 1914?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Why did Germany surrender in 1918?

- Government turmoil
- high casualties
- men were tired
- not willing to fight

What was the League of Nations and what was its goal?

to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security

What caused the US to declare war in 1917?

Zimmerman Telegram, unrestricted submarine warfare

What was the Red Scare?

Fear of the spread of communism

Who was the economic leader after WWI?

United States

What happened to farm industries in the 20s?

lost farms, couldnt pay debt for machinery

Why did prohibition lead to organized crime?

It provided small gangs with a easy / in demand supply.

When and how was prohibition repealed?

December 5, 1933; a new amendment (21st Amendment) ended the increasingly unpopular nationwide prohibition of alcohol

Who was involved in Teapot Dome?

President Warren G. Harding

How did Ford change industries?

assembly line

What is buying on margin?

the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest

What was the economy like in the 20s?

booming

What was the Scope's Trial?

a fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society

Why did nativists oppose immigrants?

they wanted to keep things Americanized

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

Rebirth of African American culture

What was "The Bonus Army?"

WWI veterans who marched in DC to demand early payment of the bonus money promised them for their military service

What was passed by FDR when he first entered office?

The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act

How many terms did FDR serve?

four

How did The New Deal restore trust in capitalism?

by setting minimum wages, regulating working conditions, promoting labor unions, and bolstering retirement security

What was happening in Germany and Japan during The Depression?

inflation; bad economy

Why was an embargo placed on Japan?

to cut off Japan's access to US oil

Why Pearl Harbor attacked and what was the result?

Japan believes that it can severely cripple the U.S fleet and buy them time in the Pacific and Southeast Asia.

Why was there a Europe First approach in WWII?

the United States and the United Kingdom would use their resources to subdue Nazi Germany in Europe first.

What was the result of the Battle of Stalingrad?

Germany was forced to retreat from the Soviet Union.

What was the result of D-day?

An Allied victory, they had taken the beaches of Normandy and liberated France

How did the Japanese fight as US forces neared the main land?

Kamikaze - would die for their country

What was the Manhattan project?

a code name for atomic bomb research

Who decided to drop the bomb?

Harry Truman

What was discussed at Potsdam in regards to the future of Germany and Berlin?

to disarm and demilitarize Germany

Who coined the term "iron curtain"?

Winston Churchill

What was the Marshall Plan?

providing aid to all European countries that needed help

What are NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

Military alliances, NATO (US) and Warsaw Pact (USSR) during the Cold War

How MacArthur viewed after he was fired by Truman?

he was viewed as a hero

What happened on September 2, 1949?

The Soviet Union tested an atomic bomb.

Where did the Cold War get "hot"?

Korea and Vietnam

Why were the Rosenbergs executed?

They were accused of passing military information to the Soviet Union. Jailed for lying under oath, and were convicted of passing atomic secrets to the Russians since they were part of the American Communist Party. They were executed in 1953

How did the increase in car culture change the landscape?

more roads

How did TV impact the country?

It allowed Americans to see what was happening rather than just listening to the radio.
Affected the JFK VS Nixon election.

Who was the first major league baseball player to break the color barrier?

Jackie Robinson

What was Jim Crow?

A series of laws that disenfranchised non-whites

What organization fought for rights for African Americans?

NAACP

What happened after MLK was assassinated?

Riots broke out

Who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Lyndon B. Johnson

What was the final outcome of The Warren Commission?

Lee Harvey Oswald worked alone to assassinate JFK

What was the result of The Bay of Pigs invasion?

It failed miserably and made Kennedy look weak.

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis come to end?

US promised Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev to not invade Cuba.

How did the Cold War affect the Space Race?

US VS Soviet Union. Many space missions to fight for dominance.

Why did the US fight in Vietnam?

LBJ was afraid of the domino theory

What was The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

Congressional authorization to increase the US military presence in Vietnam

What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

America's first sustained bombing campaign of North Vietnam

How did the Selective Service Act try to be fair to everyone?

They adopted a lottery system

What was the Tet Offensive?

a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968

Who won the 1968 presidential election?

Richard Nixon

What occurred at My Lai?

American soldiers killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians

What was the result of the Vietnam War?

US pulled out and North (communist) took over entire nation and united it under communism

Where did Nixon visit and improve relations

China