Moral Philly (2)

Faith

Belief without sufficient justification.

Hedonism

The theory that pleasure and a lack of pain are the only intrinsic goods.

Consequentialism

A moral theory asserting that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their outcomes.

Utilitarianism

A moral theory emphasizing the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

Higher Pleasures

Intellectual or refined pleasures, such as those found in art or philosophy, as distinguished from lower pleasures like physical sensations.

Lower Pleasures

Basic physical satisfactions, such as food, sex, and entertainment.

Phronesis

Practical wisdom, necessary for virtuous living and making moral decisions.

Eudaimonia

A term often translated as happiness but more accurately means flourishing or fulfilling one’s potential.

Moral Exemplars

Individuals who embody virtues and serve as role models for moral behavior.

Experience Machine

A thought experiment that questions the value of a life filled with pleasure that is not real.

Rule Utilitarianism

A form of utilitarianism that upholds rules that maximize happiness when followed consistently.

Act Utilitarianism

The idea that the rightness of an action is determined by its specific consequences.

Mystery & Magic Fallacy

The fallacy of assuming that a lack of natural explanation necessitates a supernatural one.

Overall Happiness

The sum total of happiness in a given situation, often used in moral calculations.

Circumstantial Morality

The idea that morality can be determined by specific situations rather than universal principles.

Intuition in Morality

Using feelings or gut reactions to discern what is moral without sufficient justification.

Fallacy of Appeal to Ignorance

Assuming something is true because it has not been proven false.

Quantitative Utilitarianism

A version of utilitarianism that measures happiness and pain in numeric terms.

Heroic Virtue

A quality of individuals who act with moral excellence instinctively.

Practical Ethics

The application of moral principles to real-world situations.

Justice in Ethics

The principle of fairness and the equitable treatment of individuals.

Moral Responsibility

The accountability individuals have for their actions in moral terms.

Aristotelian Virtue Ethics

A theory that emphasizes moral character over rules or consequences.