Chapter 9 Anatomy & Physiology (McGraw Hill)

Osteology

Study of bones

What is the name of a bony joint?

Synostosis

Synostosis

Bony joint

What is one thing that biomechanics makes?

Prostetics

Where do you see synostosis joints?

Epiphesial line, metotic suture, first sternal costal joint

Where do you find fibrocartilage?

Discs, meniscus of the joints, pubic synapsis

Where do you find hyaline cartilage?

Everywhere but the 5 places listed for fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage

What are the Basic parts of a diathrosis joint?

Joint capsule

fibrous capsule

synovial membrane

synovial fluid

bone

articular cartilage

(Joining Competing Fibbing Congressmen and Sinful Members requires Sinful Slippery Fluid in a Bonified Art Cartel)

What are the accessories of a Diarthosis joint?

Bursea

Ligaments

Tendons

(Bacon, Lettuce, Tomato)

What are the Options of a Diathrosis Joint?

Articular Disc

Meniscus

(Art Discovering Men)

What is a Diathrosis joint?

Synovial Joint

What is a synarthrosis joint?

a Fibrous joint

What are the three types of synarthrosis joints?

Suture, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis

What are the three suture types?

Serrate, Lap, Plane

Of the three suture types, which kind cannot move?

Serrate

What does the bursae protect in a synovial joint?

Tendon from bone

What does a tendon sheath protect on a synovial joint?

Tendon from tendon

How does exercise help articular cartilage?

Warms synovial fluid so it will be absorbed easier, cartilage then swells and provides more cushion, repeated compression of cartilage during exercise squeezes fluid and metabolic waste out of cartilage, when weight is removed the cartilage absorbs synovial fluid like a sponge taking in oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes

What are the classes of synovial joints?

ball-and-socket, condylar, saddle, plane, hinge, pivot

Where do you find cartilaginous-amphiarthroidal joints?

Syncondrosis (eiphesisal plate)

Symphysis (symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs) Has fibrocartilage and articular (hyaline) cartilage

ost-

bone

arth-

joint

osis-

condition

amphi-

on all sides

physis-

growth

gomph-

nail, bolt

desm-

band

chondr-

cartilage

What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

a synovial joint

What lessens the force on the bones of temporomandibular joints?

Articular disc

What cavity holds the glenohumeral joint?

The glenoid cavity

What helps keep the shoulder joint from coming out of socket?

Connective tissue all around, glenoid labrum deppens the receiving joint, acromion and coracoid process with the deltoid muscle in front hold the ball in place

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Do ligaments have blood vessels? and how long do they take to heal?

No, and 9-12 months

what kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

ball and socket

What kind of joint is the elbow?

hinge and pivot

What kind of joint is the hip?

ball and socket

What kind of joint is the knee?

hinge

What are the crucifix shaped ligaments that cross the knee joint?

Anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate

What, on the knee, keeps the top bones from sliding?

Meniscis

What is the most common knee injury in sports?

Torn ACL (arterior cruciate ligament)

What is endoscopic surgery?

less invasive surgery. the site of surgery heals sooner, but the internal part still takes the same amount of time to heal

What kind of joint is the ankle?

hinge joint

What tendon on the back of the foot keeps your bones from sliding out of place?

calcaneal tendon

How do joints help with homeostasis?

Mobility, breathing, blood flow, hearing

How does the skeletal system maintain homeostasis?

calcium, phosphorus, pH, support, protect softer organs

Breathing and blood flow create a pressure gradient. This is an example of what?

Negative feedback that creates homeostasis

What type of arthritis is caused from not taking care of your joints?

Osteoarthritis

What kind of arthritis is because of autoimmunity?

Rheumatoid

What is rheumatoid arthritis called in kids?

juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis

What is a synovial joint?

freely moveable joint seperated by synovial fluid

What determines your range of motion?

bone structure, muscles, tendons and ligaments

What is range of motion?

The degree to which a joint can move (0-360)

What does flexion mean?

bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint

What does extension mean?

Straightening movement that increases the angle of the joint

What does adduction mean?

motion toward the midline

What does abduction mean?

movement away from the body

What does elevation mean?

movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

what does depression mean?

movement that lowers a body part in the same plane

what does protraction mean?

to move forward

What does retraction mean?

to move backward

What does circumduction mean?

Move so the distal end of the part describes a circle, while the rest of the part describes a cone

What is medial rotation?

Rotation toward the midline

What is lateral rotation?

rotation away from the midline

What is supination?

turning the forearm so that the palm is up

What is pronation?

turning the forearm so that the palm is down

What are the special movements of the head and trunk?

Flexion, extension, hyperextension and lateral flexion, right and left rotation of trunk and head

what are the special movements of the mandible?

Protraction, Retraction, Medial and Lateral excursion

what are the special movements of the hand and digits?

Radial and Ulnar flexion, abduction and adduction of the digits, flexion and extension of fingers

What are the special movements of the thumb?

Opposition (moving thumb to touch the tip of each finger) and reposition (returning thumb to the zero position)

What are the special movements of the foot flexion?

Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion