Charles I: Fear

What factors increase fear of cath.?

• toleration

• gaining influence

• pro cath. foreign policy

• cath. changes to church

What were the reasons for the long term anti-catholic tradition in England?

negative image of catholicism: associated w. persecution, absolutism and foreign threat

Why was catholicism associated w. persecution?

• Bloody Mary

• persecution of protestants

• burning at stake: painful form of execution

• associates catholism w. violence, cruelty

What events led to catholics being associated w. plots and treason?

• Babington Plot, Mary Queen of Scots

• Gunpowder Plot

How did foreign affairs increase fear of caths.?

• James I pro Spanish foreign policy (Spain catholic, traditionally England’s enemy)

• association of France and absolutism w. catholicism

What did Charles’ policies lead to?

big increase in anti catholicism

main reasons Charles I increased fear of cath.

• married Henrietta Maria

• Laud

• excluded puritans

• personal rule

• role of caths. in army

Henrietta Maria

• openly worshiping cath.

• french

• instructions given by pope

• 12 cath. priests in court

Laud

• arminianism seen as cath.

• punishment: bloody mary

• removes preaching: puritans see it as their religion being suppressed to make way for cath. influence

Exclusion of Puritans

• targed by Charles (preaching)

• afraid of arminianism

Personal Rule

• ruling w/o parl.

• fear of absolutism

Catholics in Army

• Civil War: small no. caths. fighting for king

• fear of papal plots + of them rising up