QUIZ: Muscles of the Body

Frontails primary action

Raises eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi primary action

Blinks and closes eye

Orbicularis oris

Closes and protrudes lips (kiss)

Temporalis

Closes Jaw

Zygomaticus

Raises corner of mouth (smile)

Masseter

Closes jaw

Buccinator

Compresses cheek (as in sucking); holds food between teeth during chewing, (Whistle)

Sternocleidoastoid (SCM)

Laterally rotates head, flexes neck

Platysma

Tenses skin of neck (as in shaving) (frown)

Pectoralis major

adducts and flexes humerus

Rectus abdominis

Flexes vertebral column

External oblique

Flexes and rotates vertebral column

Biceps brachii

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

Brachialis

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

Deltoid

Abducts Arm

Iliopsoas

Flexes hip

Adductor muscles

Adduct and medially rotate thigh

Sartorius

Flexes thing on hip

Quadricpes Group

All extend knee rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh

Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Extensor digitorum longus

Extends toes

Fibularis muscles

Plantar flex and evert foot

Occipitalis

Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

Trapezius

Raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

Latissimus dorsi

Extends and adducts humerus

Erector spinae*

Extends and laterally flexes spine

Quadratus lumborum*

Flexes spine laterally; extends spine

Deltoid posterior primary action

Abducts humerus

Triceps brachii

Extends elbow

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes wrist and abducts hand

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes wrist and adducts hand

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexes wrist and fingers

Extensor carpi radialis

Extends wrist and abducts hand

Extensor digitorum

Extends fingers

Gluteus maximus

Extends hip (when forceful extension is required)

Gluteus medius

Abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking

Hamstring muscles

Flex knee and extend hip

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

Soleus

Plantar flexes foot

Name the 3 types of muscles found in the body.

Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac muscle , and smooth muscle

What structure attaches to muscle to bone

Tendon

Skeletal muscle is voluntary or involuntary

Voluntary

Where is the cardiac muscle found

Heart

Where is skeletal muscle found

attached to tendons

Where is smooth muscle found

Hollow visceral organs

Connective tissue that cover most outer layer in to inner most layer

Endomysium, Perimysium Epimysium, and Fascia

What molecule is used to power muscle contraction

ATP

What is the elaborate and specialized network of membranes that store calcium in skeletal muscle cells?

Sacroplasmic Reticulum 

Cardiac is involuntary or voluntary

involuntary

Smooth muscle is voluntary or involuntary

Involuntary

Both smooth and cardiac muscles have how many nucleuses

Single nucleus

how many nucleus did the skeletal muscles have

Multi nucleated

What muscles are striated

Cardiac and Skeletal

What muscles aren’t striated

Smooth muscles

Which muscles has branched appearance and intercalated discs

Cardiac muscle

Functions of skeletal muscles

Maintain posture and body position

Stabilize joints

Generate heat 

Functions of Cardiac Muscle

Contracts at a steady rate set by pacemaker

pumps blood throughout the body

ensures oxygen goes throughout the body

Functions smooth muscles

Contractions are slow and sustained

regualate vital digestion, blood flow, breathing urination, reproduction, and pupil size

• What is the name of the specialized plasma membrane that covers a skeletal muscle?

Epimysium

What is the elaborate and specialized network of membranes that store calcium in skeletal muscle cells?

Sacroplasmic Recticulum

What is the basic functional unit of contraction in a muscle?

Sacromere

• Put these in order from large to small (sarcomere, myofibril, muscle cell , myofilament, fascicle)

muscle cell, fascicle, myofibiril , sacromere, myofilament 

What are thin filaments

Actin

What are thick filaments

Myosin

Describe Actin

Composed of the contractile protein actin

Actin is anchored to the Z disc

At rest, within the A band there is a zone that lacks actin filaments called the H zone

During contraction, H zones disappear as actin and myosin filaments overlap

Describe Myosin

Composed of the protein myosin

Contain A T Pase enzymes to split A T P to release energy for muscle contractions

Possess projections known as myosin heads

Myosin heads are known as cross bridges when they link thick and thin filaments during contraction

Which protein filament slides during the “Sliding Filament Theory”?

Thin Actin filaments

What basic unit actually shortens or contracts in muscle contraction?

Sacromere

Define irritability

irritability-(also called responsiveness) ability to receive and respond to a stimulus 

Define contractility

- Ability to forcibly shorten when an adequate stimulus is received 

List the parts of a motor unit. 

Muscle cells and Neuron

What is the gap or space between these 2 parts called?

 Neuromuscular junction 

Name the neurotransmitter released upon a nervous impulse.

Acetylcholine

List the pathways used by muscles to produce ATP.

Direct phosphorylation

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic glycolysis

95% of ATP comes from what pathway?

Aerobic respiration

Muscle fatigue is associated with accumulation of what?

Lactic acid 

What gas must be repaid in muscle fatigue?

Oxygen 

Define muscle atrophy

is the wasting (thinning) or loss of muscle tissue 

• Define origin

attachment to an immovable or less movable bone 

Define insertion of a muscle.

attachment to a movable bone 

Which one is stationary or fixed?

Origin

Define flaccid muscle

- is when the nerve supply to a muscle destroyed causing it to be no longer stimulated and lose it tone 

Isotonic

Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions

The muscle shortens, and movement occurs

Aerobic exercise 

(biking, jogging, swimming) results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue

-Makes body metabolism more efficient, 

-Good for heart and lungs 

-Improves digestion, coordination

Resistance Excercise 

(weight lifting)(bands) increases muscle size and strength

Individual muscle fibers enlarge