DH224 Dental Public health Midterm - Study this

1 - Dental hygienists provide diagnostic and therapeutic services aimed at attaining and maintaining oral health.

True

False

True

2 - Dental hygienists may practice within the U.S. Peace Corps.

True

False

True

3 - Community oral health has a similar meaning to dental public health.

True

False

True

Many times, dental public health is termed community dental health.

4 - The science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through community efforts is termed ________.

Surgeon General's Report

Secretary of Health and Human Services Report

Dental public health

Dental hygiene

None of these

Dental public health

Dental public health is defined by the American Board of Dental Public Health and recognized by the American Dental Association as: The science and art of preventing and controlling dental disease and promoting dental health through organized community efforts.

5 - What focuses on oral health care and the education of a population, with an emphasis on the utilization of dental hygiene sciences?

Dental Public Health

6 - Dental public health is a component of ________.

Public Affairs

Public Relations

Public Health

Community Affairs

Both A and D

Public Health

7 - Dental hygiene was historically founded as which type of profession?

Dental public health

Cosmetic

Restorative

Referral

Healing

Dental public health

8 - Primary prevention prevents disease from occurring. What is an example of primary prevention?

Community water fluoridation

9 - A type of disease prevention that happens before treatment becomes necessary. EX: Dental sealants, Fluoride, Prophy

Primary prevention

What is an example of primary public health prevention?

Answer:

Disease prevention

Therapies and Services:

- oral evaluation

- dental prophylaxis

- fluoride as a preventive agent

- dental sealants

- health education

- health promotion

10 - Secondary prevention is terminating the disease process. What is an example of secondary prevention?

fluoride varnish on white spots (demineralized tooth surfaces)

Happens before treatment becomes necessary. EX: Dental sealants, Fluoride, Prophy

Therapies and Services:

- dental restorations

- periodontal debridement

- fluoride use on incipient caries

- dental sealants on incipient caries

- ART, alternative restorative treatment

- endodontics

11 - A type of disease prevention that includes restorative care. EX: perio debridement, ART, Dental restoration, fluoride/ sealant on incipient caries

Secondary prevention

What is an example of secondary public health prevention?

Answer: restorations

12 - Tertiary prevention is the process of replacing lost tissue. What is an example of tertiary prevention?

dentures or implants to replace lost teeth

Therapies and Services:

- Prosthodontics

- Implants

- Oromaxillofacial surgery

13 - Replaces lost tissues through rehabilitation. EX: Implants, oromaxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics

Tertiary prevention

Therapies and Services:

- Prosthodontics

- Implants

- Oromaxillofacial surgery

14 - The advanced dental hygiene practitioner has been proposed as a solution to access to care issues.

True

False

True

Access to care - restriction of hygienists having to practice under the supervision of DDS, lack of financial resources and transportation, and not valuing dental care until in pain.

4 factors that affect dental public health

1. Access to care

2. Infrastructure

3. Work force

4. Dental Hygiene

15 - The patient's ability to sue a dental provider, if that provider fails to diagnose and treat periodontal disease, is defined as ________.

Access issues

Dental insurance premiums

Socioeconomic status

Copayment issues

Malpractice

Malpractice

- Professionals negligence by act or omission when the care provided is not within the accepted standards

How has malpractice directly impacted dental care delivery and quality? Answer: enabled patients to sue

16 - Which of the following dictates services to ensure the promotion of health and prevention of disease and injury?

Needs Assessment

Public Health Goals

Health Care Reform

Public Health Demands

Human Services Planning

Public Health Goals

The Goal of Public Health

The goal of public health is to protect and promote the public's health across three essential domains. What are those domains?

1. Health protection - Protecting society from disease, illness, and accidents

2. Disease prevention - preventing disease from occurring

3. Health promotion - accomplished when healthy ideas are encouraged

17 - What are the 6 Public health goals?

prevent epidemics and the spread of disease

protect against environmental hazards

prevent injuries

promote and encourage health behaviors

respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery

assure the quality and accessibility of health services.

All of the above

All of the above

18 - Public Health Services are those

Interventions that help attain public health goals.

Preventing illness and promoting health through the delivery of efficient and effective public health service.

Better health, more productive citizens, and affordable health care.

All of the above

All of the above

19 - What is the effort to promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury, and disability?

Public Health

20 - The identification of which of the following was the first major advancement in public health?

Litter in the streets

Pesticides on produce

Polluted public water well

Drug paraphernalia

None of the above

Polluted public water well

The first significant recording of public health measures in the US emerged in South Carolina in 1671 as a water protection measure. (*Polluted public water well was the first major advancement in public health)

21 - Which one of the following is listed as one of the 10 great public health measures adopted during the 20th century?

Medical insurance copayments

Community water fluoridation

Bottled water

None of these

Community water fluoridation

- addition of fluoride to community water supplies

10 Great Public Health Achievements of the Twentieth Century

1) Vaccination - led the dramatic increase in lifespan

2) Motor vehicle safety

3) Workplace safety

4) Control of infectious diseases

5) Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke

6) Safer and healthier food

7) Healthier mothers and babies

8) Family planning

9) Community water fluoridation

10) Recognition of tobacco as a hazard

22 - The Advanced Dental Hygiene Practitioner (ADHP) is a proposed midlevel dental provider.

True

False

True

23 - The core public health function is ________.

Assessment

Synopsis

Analysis

Preface

None of these

Assessment

24 - Certain populations face barriers to dental care in the United States.

True

False

True

25 - From its inception, dental hygiene has had a strong foundation in managing ________.

Dental abscesses

Dental care delivery

Emergency room triage

Facial reconstruction

None of these

Dental care delivery

26 - Which of the following involves the monitoring of the health of communities and populations to identify health problems/priorities?

Assessment

Policy Development

Assurance

Serving All Functions

None of these

Assessment

The Future of the Public’s Health in the 21st Century

1. Assessment - Involves monitoring the health of communities and populations to identify health problems. Ex: public health surveillance, collecting and interpreting data, finding case applications, and evaluating outcomes of programs and policies.

2. Policy Development - process by which society makes the decision about problems, chooses goals and strategies to address problems, and allocates resources to fund them.

3. Assurance - Making certain that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective services to reach an agreed-on public health goal. Ex: Health promotion and disease prevention services

4. Serving All Functions - research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. This process ensures the first three steps are continually completed.

27 - Which of the following is the process by which society makes decisions about problems?

Assessment

Policy Development

Assurance

Serving All Functions

None of these

Policy Development

The Future of the Public’s Health in the 21st Century

1. Assessment - Involves monitoring the health of communities and populations to identify health problems. Ex: public health surveillance, collecting and interpreting data, finding case applications, and evaluating outcomes of programs and policies.

2. Policy Development - process by which society makes the decision about problems, chooses goals and strategies to address problems, and allocates resources to fund them.

3. Assurance - Making certain that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective services to reach an agreed-on public health goal. Ex: Health promotion and disease prevention services

4. Serving All Functions - research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. This process ensures the first three steps are continually completed.

28 - Which of the following involves making certain that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective services to read agreed-upon public health goals?

Assessment

Policy Development

Assurance

Serving All Functions

None of these

Assurance

The Future of the Public’s Health in the 21st Century

1. Assessment - Involves monitoring the health of communities and populations to identify health problems. Ex: public health surveillance, collecting and interpreting data, finding case applications, and evaluating outcomes of programs and policies.

2. Policy Development - process by which society makes the decision about problems, chooses goals and strategies to address problems, and allocates resources to fund them.

3. Assurance - Making certain that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective services to reach an agreed-on public health goal. Ex: Health promotion and disease prevention services

4. Serving All Functions - research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. This process ensures the first three steps are continually completed.

29 - Which of the following includes the research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems?

Assessment

Policy Development

Assurance

Serving All Functions

None of the above

Serving All Functions

The Future of the Public’s Health in the 21st Century

1. Assessment - Involves monitoring the health of communities and populations to identify health problems. Ex: public health surveillance, collecting and interpreting data, finding case applications, and evaluating outcomes of programs and policies.

2. Policy Development - process by which society makes the decision about problems, chooses goals and strategies to address problems, and allocates resources to fund them.

3. Assurance - Making certain that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective services to reach an agreed-on public health goal. Ex: Health promotion and disease prevention services

4. Serving All Functions - research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. This process ensures the first three steps are continually completed.

30 - Dental public health is the science of providing oral health care and education to the public and emphasizes the science of ________.

Dentistry

Urgent health care

Prosthodontics

Dental hygiene

None of these

Dental hygiene

31 - Community water fluoridation works both systemically and

topically.

True

False

True

32 - Community water fluoridation is especially beneficial for which

target population?

Those of low socioeconomic levels

Federal inmates

Those with minor periodontal problems

The elderly

Military personnel

Those of low socioeconomic levels

33 - The only valid opposition ever utilized in relation to fluoridating public water supplies was ________.

A Communist plot

An abuse of police power

The cause of AIDS

Forced medicine

A violation of personal freedom

A violation of personal freedom

The only valid argument against community water fluoridation is that the addition of fluoride to water prevents personal choice (violates personal freedom)*

34 - The dramatic increase in average life span during the 20th

century is credited to a public health program such as ________.

Community water fluoridation

Dental insurance premiums

Vaccination

Malpractice

Both Vaccination and Malpractice

Vaccination

Public health is credited with the dramatic increase in the average life span because of what?

>> Vaccinations, safety policies, family planning

35 - One mission of the American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) is to ________.

Expand member benefits to the entire dental team

Increase the membership to include the entire dental team

Improve the public's total health

Monitor over-the-counter dental products

Improve the public's total health

36 - What is referred to as a constituent in the ADHA organization?

State organization

37 - What organization has a student membership category and provides student scholarships, networking, mentorship, employment assistance, and continuing education

The ADHA

38 - When is school fluoridation recommended?

When an independent water source is available

39 - Mass education products developed by dental supply companies should be critiqued by the dental hygienist before distributing to ensure ________.

That the product promotes the dental supply company

That the product does not violate personal freedom

Teaching effectiveness

Scientific accuracy

None of these

Scientific accuracy

40 - What is a sugar substitute that has shown promising results in reducing dental decay and ear infections?

Xylitol

41 - Some theories suggest that xylitol decreases dental decay ________.

By strengthening dentin

By increasing demineralization

Because bacteria do not adsorb well on the tooth surface

By strengthening enamel

Because bacteria are killed by the xylitol by-products

Because bacteria do not adsorb well on the tooth surface

Xylitol is sugar free chewing gum. Some theories suggest that xylitol decreases dental decay because bacteria does not absorb well on the tooth surface.

42 - The first constituent dental hygiene association was started in ________.

Connecticut

Cleveland

Hartford

New Mexico

Massachusetts

Connecticut

First STATE dental hygiene association was Connecticut. The first national association, ADHA, was formed in Cleveland, Ohio.

The Connecticut Dental Hygienists’ Association

Formed with nineteen members on graduation day of the first dental hygiene class in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on June 5, 1914. The first president was, fittingly, Irene Newman, the first dental hygienist.

o Where was the first dental hygiene school? DH students at Fones School provided dental hygiene care to military soldiers.

Who was the first dental hygienist? Irene Newman.

Who is Dr. Fones? In 1913, Dr. Alfred Civilion Fones coined the term dental hygienist. This change in title from dental nurse to dental hygienist placed focus on the necessity of preventive dental hygiene services as a scientifically valid treatment modality.

o Following research results published on preventive benefits of dental hygiene treatment, dental hygiene was acknowledged as a true college discipline.

43 - The fundamental requirement for all health information pamphlets provided to consumers is that they must be ________.

Repetitious

Easy to read

Visually appealing

Accurate

All of these

Accurate

44 - Which state allows for the reduced educational preparation of the dental hygienist?

Iowa

Alabama

Washington

Florida

Mississippi

Alabama

Alabama allows a reduced educational preparation for becoming a DH.

45 - Many state dental associations initially were opposed to the dental hygiene profession because ________.

It was composed of women, who were better suited to work at home

They thought preventing dental disease might end the need for dentists

It seemed to focus on cosmetics

They were hoping the new profession would focus on tooth extractions, allowing them more time to restore teeth

None of these

They thought preventing dental disease might end the need for dentists

46 - Dental hygienists initially practiced in which setting(s)?

Schools

Stores

Industry

Ships

Both Schools and Industry

Schools

47 - The FDA approves only those bottled water carriers that add fluoride.

True

False

False

Dental hygienists should be aware that bottled water often contains no fluoride or fails to identify its fluoride content on the label. The FDA has given permission for bottled water to include enough fluoride to advertise the fluoride claim of reducing dental decay. Therefore, the FDA doesn't approve only bottles of water that contain fluoride.

48 - Fones believed that the dental hygienist could best serve society by practicing ________.

In the dental hygiene school

In the private sector

Restorative dentistry in school clinics

Outside the dental practice, in non-dental settings

None of these

Outside the dental practice, in non-dental settings

Fones believed that the dental hygienist could provide education and dental hygiene treatment outside of the dental office, with particular focus on mass pediatric prevention and practiced in schools.

49 - Fones believed that the dental hygienist could practice as an outreach worker with an emphasis on ________.

Fluoride applications

The Fones toothbrushing technique

Oral hygiene instruction

Scaling and polishing

Mass pediatric prevention

Mass pediatric prevention

Fones believed that the dental hygienist could provide education and dental hygiene treatment outside of the dental office, with particular focus on mass pediatric prevention and practiced in schools.

50 - Which sectors are included in the dental care delivery system in the United States?

Private sector

Federal government

State government

All of the above

None of the above

All of the above

In the United States, dental care is delivered by 1 1 - federal

2 - state

3 - local governments

4 - non-profit organizations

5 - private offices.

51 - State dental divisions work at solving dental issues within the state by ________.

Serving as dental consultants to government and private sector entities

Having dental-friendly booths at health fairs

Providing free toothbrushes to the indigent population

Working as translators in dental clinics throughout the state

None of the above

Serving as dental consultants to government and private sector entities

52 - The federal agency that is composed of community health centers, migrant workers' health centers, and primary care programs is called the ________.

HCFA

HRSA

ADIR

SAMSHA

AoA

HRSA

53 - Which program is the largest effort to provide health insurance for children since Medicaid?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

U.S. Surgeon General's Office

Public Health Service

Children's Health Insurance Program

Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

54 - Which government entitlement program generally covers dental care for individuals with low incomes?

Medicare

HICFA

Medicaid

HRSA

Head Start

Medicaid

55 - A two-year-old child with severe stages of early childhood caries who has Medicaid insurance may face which barriers to care?

Severity of the dental disease

Age

Lack of qualified practitioners accepting Medicaid insurance

None of these

All of these

All of these

56 - Which position is responsible for the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps?

Surgeon General

Secretary of Health and Human Services

Admiral of Health

Secretary of Defense

None of the above

Surgeon General

57 - Demographic information suggests a correlation between oral health status and ________.

Socioeconomic status

Oral health disparities

Community targets

Baseline data

None of these

Socioeconomic status

58 - Dental hygienists have the ability to improve total health by ________.

Applying laminates

Restoring teeth

Preventing dental diseases

Managing health care

None of these

Preventing dental diseases

59 - Teaching mothers how to dress, feed, and bathe their babies is an early example of a ________.

Treatment modality

Clinical initiative

Public health program

Drug prevention course

Both Treatment modality and Clinical initiative

Public health program

60 - There is a critical shortage of dental assistants in the United States.

True

False

False

Dental hygienist

61 - In 1917, dental hygiene students at Fones School provided dental hygiene care to which unique target population?

Schoolteachers

Dental students

School nurses

Military soldiers

None of these

Military soldiers

62 - Dental hygiene is the only health care profession based exclusively on which type of care?

Restoration

Rehabilitation

Prevention

Urgent

Emergency

Prevention

63 - The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program is housed within the Department of Health and Human Services

True

False

False

The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program is housed within the Department of Agriculture focusing on nutrition.

64 - The World Health Organization (WHO) is a self-governing,

multilateral entity that developed the ________.

International Federation of Dental Hygienists

Shepherd's Hook Explorer

Global Oral Data Bank

Federation Dentaire International

None of these

Global Oral Data Bank

65 - WHO maintains statistics on the prevalence of dental disease from more than 170 countries in its

Global Oral Data Bank

66 - The Federation Dentaire Internationale is the international

organization of dentistry and was founded in which country?

England

United States

Spain

France

None of these

France

67 - Which dental organization is recognized as one of the oldest health organizations?

International Federation of Dental Hygienists

Federation Dentaire Internationale

World Dental Organization

International Dental Association

None of these

Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)

68 - Another data bank that, in addition to epidemiological data, contains information about dentistry and the dental team.

Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)

69 - Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) was founded in _______ in ______; begin relations with WHO in 1948 and collabs with them on the planning and development of global goals for oral health.

Paris; 1900

70 - In Europe, there is a trend to adapt degree program curricula via which system?

European Credit Transfer System

71 - Which common standard is required by all DH schools?

All dental hygiene students must be at least 18 years old.

72 - The International Federation of Dental Hygienists is composed of how many countries?

35

Over the 35 years The International Federation of Dental Hygienists has flourished and is a robust organization with 35 member countries representing over 92,000 dental hygienists worldwide.

73 - Which Countries have a known lobbying group promoting oral health issues?

Australia, Germany, and New Zealand

Germany, South Korea, and Switzerland

Australia, Germany, and Switzerland

Germany, New Zealand, and Switzerland

Germany, New Zealand, Switzerland

74 - The five-dimensional health model includes all of the following except ________.

Emotional

Mental

Psychological

Spiritual

Physical

Psychological

Five-Dimensional Health Model

> Physical

----> + input = > food, toothbrush, floss

----> - input = > poor nutrition, inadequate dental care

> Mental

----> + input = > knowledge

----> - input = > ignorance

> Social

----> + input = > interaction with people

----> - input = > withdrawal, inadequate communication skills

> Spiritual

----> + input = > values, morality

----> - input = > no value for dental health, no morality

> Emotional

----> + input = > TRUST

----> - input = > mistrust, fear of dental provider

*DH should use the dimensions as a needs system, each requiring specific input from the environment for an individual's complete development.

75 - When using the five-dimensional health model, a patient's trust in a dental hygienist would be a positive input to which dimension?

Mental

Physical

Psychological

Spiritual

Emotional

Emotional

> POSITIVE Input: Trust

> NEGATIVE Input: mistrust, fear of dental provider

76 - What is a scale that pinpoints a patient's physical condition on a continuum from death through varying degrees of illness to completely healthy functioning?

Wellness scale

Healthy living measurement

Quality scale

Assessment scale

None of these

Wellness scale

NOTES:

Wellness scale

- Continuum of total health to death, or a state of being from optimal oral health and Wellness to serious illness or disease to death with areas between for quality-of-life indicators.

77 - The last step in the learning ladder is the involvement step.

True

False

False

Stages of Learning

Step 1 - Unawareness - not knowing about topic

Step 2 - Awareness - occurs when education of topic is provided

Step 3 - Self-interest - •recognition of desire and involvement

Step 4 - Involvement - becomes involved in the learning process

Step 5 - Action - •individual makes a change

Step 6 - Habit - consistent practice

78 - A process that informs and motivates people to adopt healthy behavior to enhance their health and prevent disease.

Health promotion

Health education

Health instruction

Health assessment

Health promotion

Informing and motivating people to adopt healthy behaviors is termed Health promotion

79 - The creation of a dental hygiene operatory section in the city's children's museum by the local dental hygiene association would be which type of activity?

Health promotion

Health education

Health instruction

Health assessment

Health promotion

80 - For an individual with poor oral care, what must be changed in order for him or her to adopt a healthy behavior such as daily brushing or flossing?

Life force

Instinct

Behavior

Value

None of these

Value

Goals of Dental Health Education >> Values generally need to change before behavior will*

81 - During which stage of the program planning process does the dental hygienist identify methods to measure goals?

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Planning

Assessment

Implementation

Evaluation

Planning

82 - Which of the following is part of the planning phase of program development?

Identify methods to measure goals

Assess the population’s dental needs

Begin program operation

Revise program as needed

Identify methods to measure goals

83 - During which phase of program planning should evaluation be started?

Assessment

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Planning

Evaluation

Planning

84 - During which stage does the hygienist employ revisions?

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Implementation

Planning

Assessment

All of these

Implementation

85 - Personnel needs, sometimes referred to as workforce needs, are analyzed during which stage?

Planning

Assessment

Implementation

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Evaluation

Assessment

86 - During which stage does the dental hygienist consider the population's needs, facilities, resources, and funding?

Planning

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Assessment

Implementation

Evaluation

Assessment

87 - During which stage are the goals/objectives measured?

Assessment

Implementation

Evaluation

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Planning

Evaluation

88 - What is the primary goal of dental health education? (p.111)

prevention of disease

The primary goal of dental health education is the prevention of disease using appropriate dental health interventions.

89 - It is necessary to motivate a population to effectively promote value adoption and behavior change

True

90 - Factors affecting dental care delivery include which of the following?

The development of the dental hygiene profession

Access issues

The decrease in periodontal diseases

Both The development of the dental hygiene profession and Access issues

None of these

Both A and B

A) The development of the dental hygiene profession

B) Access issues

91 - The focus on evaluation should occur during which stage of the program?

Evaluation

Assessment

Implementation

Planning

All of these

All of these

92 - Formulating a dental hygiene diagnosis for a group presentation occurs before which stage?

Planning

Needs activity

Qualitative assessment

Assessment

None of the answers are correct

Planning

93 - During which stage does the dental hygienist prioritize need?

Evaluation

Assessment

Implementation

Dental hygiene diagnosis

Both Evaluation and Assessment

Dental hygiene diagnosis

94 - In the first dental hygiene health model, the Fones program planning model emphasized ________.

Prevention of illness

Culture

Assessment

Both Prevention of illness and Culture

None of these

Prevention of illness

Dr. Fones’s original paradigm for the school dental hygienist program focus on prevention of disease

95 - Which of the following is a (are) characteristic(s) of an effective teacher?

Ability to interact

Prepared

Organized

Flexible

All of these

All of these

Characteristics of Effective Teachers

• Ability to interact with students, their families, and colleagues

• Enthusiasm

• Flexibility

• Broad knowledge

• Organizational skills

• Patience

• Pleasant personality

• Willingness to learn

95 - The Fones prevention program planning model includes education as an integral part in prevention.

True

False

True

97 - Dental public health functions need to be secured and implemented across all areas to ensure the same level of ________.

Coverage

Quality

Performance

All of these

None of these

All of these

Age, language, habits, culture and availability are all potential examples of which of the following?

Barriers to care

Demographic population

Healthcare delivery system

Target population

Barriers to care

99 - Which domain includes the description of actions?

Affective

Psychomotor

Cognitive

Reflective

None of these

Psychomotor

Three Learning Domains

Psychomotor - To describe actions

Cognitive - To describe behavior

Affective - To describe feelings

100 - Which of the following is categorized as a learning domain?

Knowledge

Application

Affective

Problem solving

None of these

Affective

Learning Domain:

1 - psychomotor - to describe actions

2 - cognitive - to describe behavior

3 - affective - to describe feelings