Nursing Care of the Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

These flashcards cover key concepts in the nursing care of children with cardiovascular dysfunction, focusing on assessments, conditions, treatments, and physiological principles.

What is the main muscular layer of the heart responsible for contraction?

Myocardium

What are the two types of valves present in the heart?

Atrioventricular valves (AV) and Semilunar valves.

What separates the right atrium from the left atrium?

Atrial septum.

What is the purpose of the Ductus Arteriosus in fetal circulation?

It bypasses the lungs by allowing blood to flow from the Pulmonary Artery to the Aorta.

When does the heart begin forming during gestation?

In the 4th week.

What is the closure that occurs within hours after birth?

Foramen ovale.

What does cardiac output (CO) equal?

Heart rate (HR) multiplied by Stroke Volume (SV).

Which valve closure is represented by the heart sound S1?

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral AV valves.

What is assessed first in the cardiac assessment of a child?

Thorough Health History.

What are symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in infants?

Poor feeding, diaphoresis with feeds, tachypnea.

Name one common treatment for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).

Diuretics.

What does the Ductus Venosus bypass?

Liver.

What is one sign of Right-sided CHF?

Peripheral edema.

What may indicate an emergency situation post cardiac catheterization?

Bleeding at the site.

What does increased preload do to stroke volume?

Increases stroke volume until overstretched.

What are common symptoms of hypoxemia?

Cyanosis and tachypnea.

What condition is characterized by a failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close?

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA).

Name a clinical manifestation of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).

Murmur.

How can you describe Tetralogy of Fallot?

Classic four defects including VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

What is the primary pharmacologic treatment for Kawasaki Disease?

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG).

What is a common cause of bacterial endocarditis?

Bacterial infection of the inner lining of the heart.

What might suggest a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?

Migratory polyarthritis.

What is the role of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension?

Lowers blood pressure by decreasing afterload.

Name one risk factor for developing pulmonary hypertension.

Obesity.

What is a critical intervention for Hypercyanotic spells in Tetralogy of Fallot?

Knee-chest position.

What is assessed to determine severity in pulmonary hypertension?

Right-sided cardiac catheterization.

What is the management focus for children with advanced heart failure?

Support for restricted activity and monitoring HF symptoms closely.

What is the primary purpose of cardiac transplantation?

To provide a solution for end-stage heart failure when medical management fails.

What should be monitored regularly after heart transplantation?

Signs of rejection and infection.

Which two conditions commonly lead to CHF in children?

Congenital heart defects and myocarditis.

What dietary approach is often recommended for children with hypertension?

DASH diet: high in fruits/vegetables/whole grains and low in sodium.