motivation flashcards complete

External Regulation

Behaviors pursued solely for reward or to avoid punishment, controlled by external contingencies.

Introjected Regulation

Behavior pursued due to internal pressures, such as feeling guilty if one does not act.

Identified Regulation

Behavior that is personally valuable, even if it is not enjoyable.

Integrated Regulation

Behavior accepted as valuable and congruent with one's personal values despite initial external motivation.

Conscious Processes

Deliberate actions that require cognitive effort and are guided by beliefs and values.

Non-conscious Processes

Automatic actions that occur without awareness and require minimal cognitive resources.

Fixed Mindset

Belief that abilities are static and unchangeable.

Growth Mindset

Belief that abilities can be developed through effort and learning.

Self-Determination Theory

A theory that emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation and self-regulation in behavior change.

Mindset Influence on Motivation

Mindsets affect how individuals interpret challenges and effort, influencing their motivation.

Positive Reinforcement

A consequence that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Vicarious Conditioning

Learning that occurs by observing the consequences of someone else's behavior.

Theory of Planned Behaviour

A psychological theory that links beliefs and behavior, comprising 3 types of beliefs: behavioral, normative, and control beliefs.

Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC)

An individual's perception of the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior, influencing intentions and behaviors.

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the course of action required to achieve a specific goal.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others and the results of those behaviors.

Outcome Expectancies

The beliefs about the likely outcomes of a behavior, which can be either positive or negative.

Self-Regulation

The process of monitoring and evaluating one's behavior in pursuit of a goal.

Core construct of Social Cognitive Theory

Self-efficacy, which underpins motivation, well-being, and personal achievement.

Reciprocal Determinism

The interplay between behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences in driving motivation.

Self-Efficacy Theory

A theory that emphasizes the role of an individual's belief in their abilities to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Intrinsic Motivation

Engaging in a behavior because it is self-rewarding and inherently enjoyable.

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing an activity for separable outcomes, such as rewards or to avoid punishment.

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

A sub-theory of Self-Determination Theory that focuses on how social contexts influence intrinsic motivation.

Amotivation

Lack of motivation or drive to engage in an activity.

Identified Motivation

Engaging in an activity because it aligns with personal goals or values.

Integrated Motivation

Engaging in a behavior that aligns with one's self-identity and is congruent with personal values.

Social Cognitive Theory

A theory that emphasizes the importance of observational learning, imitation, and modeling in behavior development.

Motivational Continuum

A spectrum that ranges from amotivation through various forms of extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation.

Relatedness

The need to feel connected to others and to have a sense of belonging.

Competence

The sense of mastery and ability to take on challenges effectively.

Autonomy

The need to feel in control of one's own behavior and decisions.

Motivation

Internal processes such as needs, thoughts, and emotions that give behavior energy and direction.

Operant Conditioning

Learning that occurs through behavior being reinforced or punished.

Negative Reinforcement

Any factor that, through its removal, increases the likelihood of a behavior.

Punishment

When an undesirable behavior is decreased.

Positive Punishment

When the addition of an aversive stimulus decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Negative Punishment

When the removal of a desired stimulus decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Cognitive Approaches

Approaches emphasizing the role of cognitions and beliefs in motivation.

Cognitive Behavioral Approaches

Approaches that highlight the relationship between cognitions, emotions, and behavior.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

A widely used theory highlighting personal and social influences on behaviors.

Descriptive Norms

Whether others engage in the behavior.

Injunctive Norms

Whether one believes that significant others think they should engage in the behavior.

Intention-Behaviour Gap

The disparity between individuals' intentions and their actual behavior in physical activity.