UNIT 9 PSYCH TEST!

Juliette is experiencing lifelong physical and mental abnormalities because her mother consumed alcohol while she was pregnant. The alcohol, because of the damage it caused, is considered a(n)...

teratogen.embryo.epigenetic.zygote.reflex.

teratogen

Even as newborns, we prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness. This can be seen by a newborn's preference for...

soft music.low pitched sounds.face-like images.loud music.soft colors.

face-like images

As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. The decrease in an infant's responsiveness is called... habituation.stability.a stage.concentration.teratogens.

habituation

Which developmental issue best represents how our genes and environment interact?... Continuity and stages. Continuity and stability. Habituation and maturation. Stability and change. Nature and nurture

nature and nurture

What is the prenatal development sequence?... Embryo, zygote, fetus. Fetus, zygote, embryo. Zygote, fetus, embryo. Fetus, embryo, zygote. Zygote, embryo, fetus

zygote, embryo, fetus

Some people think development occurs in the same way a tree grows—slowly and steadily. Others think that there are rather abrupt developmental jumps—more like the transformation of a tadpole into a frog. Which of the following issues would this difference of opinion relate to?... Prenatal and neonatal. Stability and change. Maturation and learning. Nature and nurture. Continuity and stages

continuity and stages

After about 10 days, a fertilized egg cell attaches to the uterine wall. What is the developing human called at this point in development? embryo. fetus. teratogen. Y chromosome. zygote

embryo

Human sperm cells ________ than egg cells. contain fewer genes. are larger. are slower. are more genetically diverse. are smaller

are smaller

One of the three major issues in developmental psychology involves the study of.... perception.personality stability. infantile amnesia.primary sex characteristics.habituation.

personality stability

During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)... zygote and finally develops into an embryo.fetus and finally develops into an embryo.zygote and finally develops into a fetus. embryo and finally develops into a zygote.embryo and finally develops into a fetus.

zygote finally develops into a fetus

As compared with the production of egg cells, sperm cell production.... begins earlier in life.involves differentiation prior to fusion with the egg.begins shortly after conception.begins later in life. involves a jellylike outer covering.

begins later in life

What is a fertilized egg cell called?

zygote

One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology centers around the issue of.... longitudinal or cross-sectional.conservation or egocentrism. imprinting or object permanence.identity or intimacy.continuity or stages.

continuity or stages

Researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to view development as a social process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a..... cognitive process.an emotional process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development in discrete stages.a cognitive process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a social process.a continuous process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages. a sequence of stages, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a continuous process.

a continuous process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages

Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing the interaction of.... nature and nurture.cognitive changes during adulthood development.the order of stages in development theories.discrete age-linked stages. maturation during adolescent development

discrete age-linked stages

The conflicting results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of aging and intelligence are of greatest relevance to the issue of... nature or nurture.assimilation or accommodation.concrete or formal operational thought.stability or change. continuity or stages.

stability or change

Stage theories of adult development are most likely to be criticized for.... exaggerating the interaction of nature and nurture.stability of personality.importance of fluid intelligence.predictability of development. importance of social influence.

predictability of development

The stability of personality traits is greater among..... preschoolers than among adolescents.securely attached than insecurely attached children .adults than among children. boys than among girls.men than among women.

adults than among children

The best evidence that 4-month-old infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on.... imprinting.conservation.the rooting reflex.object permanence.habituation.

habituation

To test whether newborns can visually discriminate between various shapes and colors, psychologists have made use of the process of.... imprinting.conservation.habituation. attachment.accommodation.

habituation

Which newborn reflex involves these steps: tonguing, swallowing, breathing?... habituation.accommodation. rooting. maturation. sucking

sucking

he heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development..... conceptual. embryonic. ovular. fetal. zygotic

embryonic

The placenta develops from the outer cells of the... egg.genome.fetus.embryo.zygote.

zygote

Newborn infants typically prefer their mother's voice over their father's voice because..... they have difficulty hearing lower-pitched voices during the first few days after birth.they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast-feeding.their rooting reflex is naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds.they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices.they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are born.

they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are born

When pregnant rats drink alcohol, their young offspring later display a(n) immunity to....fetal alcohol syndrome.liking for the odor of alcohol. aversion to the taste of alcohol.less severe reaction to controlled substances.unusually rapid development of bladder control.

liking for the odor of alcohol

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include autism.brain abnormalities. assimilation. egocentrism .visual impairments.

brain abnormalities

Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be.... hyperactive.insecurely attached.hearing impaired.underweight.autistic.

underweight

When Joan touched her infant's cheek, he turned his head toward the side that was touched and opened his mouth. Joan was eliciting the.... attention reflex.grasping reflex.startle reaction.rooting reflex. attachment reflex.

rooting reflex

The novelty-preference procedure demonstrated that infants prefer.....looking at novel images rather than images they've seen before. .infants, like adults, focus on the face rather than the body first when viewing images.newborns will choose to root when presented with new tastes or smells.preschool children prefer toys that involve novel stimuli, such as bright colors.fetuses will react to novel sounds while still in the womb.

infants, like adults, focus on the face rather than the body first when viewing images

As the infant's brain develops, some neural pathways will decay if not used. This use-it-or-lose-it process is known as..... motor development.maturation.pruning.heredity.amnesia.

pruning

Maturation explains why..... we like familiar people.we stand before we walk.we learn the language accents of our peers.the brain shuts down unused connections.infants become attracted to scents associated with their mother's nursing

we stand before we walk

Which of the following is true of the early formation of brain cells? They form at a constant rate throughout the prenatal period.They form slowly during the prenatal period, and then the rate increases after birth.They are overproduced early in the prenatal period, and then the rate decreases and stabilizes.They form at a constantly increasing rate prenatally and in early childhood.They begin forming slowly, and then the rate increases throughout prenatal development.

they are overproduced in the prenatal period, and then the rate decreases and stabilizes

Infantile amnesia best explains why.... Ella, age 10, has no memories of her third birthday party. Becka, age 2, is unable to remember where she left her doll.Hannah, age 6, can't remember the gymnastics routine she just learned. Justina, age 25, cannot remember hearing Japanese when she was 10.Karla, age 3, can't understand why her new brother is crying.

ella has no memories of her third birthday party

Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that.... experiences shortly after birth are a meaningless blur of darkness and light. .babies lack the hippocampus in the brain needed for memory development.she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.the trauma of birth interfered with the subsequent formation of memories.most brain cells do not yet exist at the time of birth.

she lacked the language skills for organizing her early life experiences

Poor memory for early life experiences results from a baby's relative lack of secure attachment. egocentrism. schema. stranger anxiety.maturation.

maturation

The immaturity of an infant's nervous system is best demonstrated by its limited teratogens. neurotransmitters.imprinting.number of brain cells.neural networks.

neural networks

Identical twins typically begin walking on nearly the same day. This best illustrates the importance of _______ to motor skills. secure attachment. responsive. parenting. accommodation. genes habituation

genes

Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of crib death has been associated with a slight delay in children's... crawling. bladder control. stranger anxiety. rooting walking..

crawling

Your friend's baby brother, Matt, loves to play with his pet cat. When he sees a puppy, he points and calls it "Mi Mi," which is what he calls his cat. Matt is demonstrating Piaget's process of.... accommodation.assimilation.cognition.conservation.object permanence.

assimilation

A 4-year-old child comes into the room and tells her parent, "I broke it" without feeling the need to tell her parent what is broken because ...the child's cannot remember what was broken.the child is afraid of being punished.the child lacks an understanding of conservation.the child is egocentric.the child has assimilated the object into her memory.

the child is egocentric

If you showed a 2-year-old a model of her bedroom where you'd hidden a toy behind the bed, she would misunderstand the instructions due to.... her lack of theory of mind.understand that the model represented her room, but not be able to find the toy in her own room.be unable to find the toy in her room due to a lack of symbolic thinking.exhibit schematic thinking and be able to explain the study back to you.understand that the model represented her room, and be able to find the toy in her own room.

lack of symbolic thinking

Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the..... zone of abstract reasoning.zone of abstract logic.theory of mind.zone of proximal development.zone of developmental readiness.

zone of proximal development

Which of the following is a current belief of researchers that differs from Piaget's original theories? Infants simply have less information about the world than older children and adults.Infants learn more by verbal explanations than Piaget believed.Accommodation is a process that doesn't occur in young children.Object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed. Schemas don't form until later than Piaget believed.

Object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed

The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of accommodation.assimilation. maturation. conservation. egocentrism.

assimilation

The processes of assimilation and accommodation were most clearly highlighted by.... Harlow's attachment theory.Piaget's cognitive development theory. Kohlberg's moral development theory. Erikson's psychosocial development theory.Lorenz's imprinting theory.

piagets cognitive development theory

Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called... habituation. egocentrism. accommodation. maturation.assimilation.

accommodation

In recognizing the inaccuracies of one's own ethnic stereotypes and revising his or her beliefs, an individual most clearly illustrates the process of imprinting.attachment.habituation.assimilation.accommodation

accomodation

According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate.... the ability to think hypothetically. comprehension of mathematical transformations.object permanence.evidence of assimilation and accommodation.any evidence of logic.

the ability to think hypothetically.

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by.... egocentrism.basic trust.inner speech. imprinting.conservation.

inner speech

In an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the children's... moral reasoning.accommodation.stranger anxiety.habituation.theory of mind.

theory of mind

Five-year-olds who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aids box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a secure attachment.self-concept.concept of conservation.conventional morality.theory of mind.

theory of mind

According to Piaget, children acquire the mental operations needed to comprehend such things as mathematical transformations and conservation during the ________ stage. sensorimotor concrete operational formal operational preoperational preconventional

concrete operational

Four-year-olds are not completely egocentric and 5-year-olds can exhibit some understanding of conservation. This indicates that Piaget may have underestimated the importance of critical periods in early life.importance of early attachment experiences.relationship between schema and children's self-concept.role of motivation in cognitive development. continuity of cognitive development.

continuity of cognitive development

Darcy is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar. It is likely that Darcy has also just overcome the limitation of..... egocentrism. entered the postconventional stage of development.lost her sense of secure attachment.developed a sense of object permanence. mastered the principle of conservation.

developed a sense of object permanence

Psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen has proposed that autism spectrum disorder is indicative of an inborn fetal alcohol syndrome.selection effect.infantile amnesia.stranger anxiety.male systemizing tendency

male systeminzing tendency

Diego likes to play sports and video games, whereas Sara likes to sing, dance, and play "house." This example best depicts which of the following? Gender schema Gender typing Gender identity Gender expression Social learning theory

gender typing

Compared with men, women are more likely to talk with others to express their unique opinions.explore relationships. demonstrate leadership skills.communicate solutions.assert social superiority.

explore relationships

On extended visits to foreign countries, you would be most likely to observe men serving as the primary caregivers in small families.men and women equally involved in child care.women earning the same amount of money as men.men and women equally involved in violent crime.more men than women in political leadership positions.

more men than women in political leadership positions

The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a gender type.gender schema. gender role.gender identity.gender assimilation.

gender schema

Compared with rats raised in an enriched environment, which of the following is true of rats raised in isolation? Their brain cortex is less developed.They have a thicker brain cortex.The differences between the two groups are not statistically significant.Though neurologically similar, they fear other rats.Their brains have more connections.

Their brain cortex is less developed

In which of the following examples would parents have the highest degree of influence? When a young person develops schizophrenia. In determining a child's personality In homes where children are severely neglected or abused. When a young child is learning the language spoken at a new school. When a child is trying to fit in at a new school

in determining a child's personality

Carlos was born with cataracts in both eyes. Even though they were removed when he was 5, his lack of visual experiences during early childhood makes it likely that he has experienced difficulty incorporating new experiences into existing schemas. degeneration of neural connections in visual reception areas of the brain. Correct!an inability to develop heritable traits.an inability to conceive of object permanence.a massive loss of sensory neurons.

degeneration of neural connections in visual reception areas of the brain

A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value..... social harmony.utilitarianism.communism.individualism. socialism.

individualism