Human Diseases caued by viruses exam 5

Attachment in viruses

Must first attach to and then enter host cell to start an infection

• NO attachment, NO infection

• Viruses use different host cell surface receptors for attachment

Prodromal Period

Non-specific signs and symptoms appear

• things that might be normal to us like a simple everyday headache or stomachache

What virus causes measles?

Rubeola

Is measles infectious before/after the rash appears/disappears?

4 days before the rash until 4 days after the rash disappears

What vaccine protects measles?

MMR vaccine

What is the hallmark feature of measles?

Fever, dry cough, runny nose, similar to a cold, and a rash

• KOPLIK SPOTS on cheek, appears at end of prodromal period

What virus causes chickenpox?

Varicella-Zoster Virus

Is chicken pox infectious before or after rash appears?

Infectious before

• 2-3 days before the rash until after the blisters have crusted over

What virus family is Chickenpox in?

Herpes

Where does the Herpes virus stay after it enters your body?

Spinal cord ganglia for life

What is the chickenpox vaccine for kids?

Varivax

How is shingles different from chickenpox?

Same virus but new name-

• Herpes zoster

• Reactivated form of chickenpox

• Virus migrates from ganglion to peripheral sensory nerves

What is the shingles vaccine for adults?

Zostavax

What is the difference between chickenpox vs measles rash?

Chickenpox- red spots first appear on the chest, face and back —> red spots turn into itchy blisters

Measles- red, blotchy rash first appears on the forehead

What is mumps?

RNA virus (mumps virus) spread through respiratory droplets, saliva, or direct contact

• Swelling of salivary glands (parotid glands)

What is the prodromal period of mumps?

Low grade fever, tired, runny nose, swelling of salivary glands is pathognomonic

• Can cause male sterility

German measles (Rubella)

Fetal death, premature delivery, defects

• 3-day Measels

How do herpes infect?

Through mucosal membranes

• have it for life

What causes warts?

Human papilloma virus

What causes inflammation of the liver?

Hepatitis

What kind of virus is Fecal-oral route?

Enterovirus

• waterborne or communicable

What are two types of Fecal-oral?

Rotaviruses- leading cause of infant mortality worldwide

Norovirus- cruise ships

Hanta

Caused by rodents

• causes respiratory disease

Arborviruses

Caused by insects

Polio (infantile paralysis)

Waterborne Fecal-Oral

• transmitted by contaminated water or food

Poliovirus

multiples in throat and intestinal mucosa

• Targets and kills motor neurons

• paralyzes breathing muscles- iron lungs

What are the two vaccines for poliovirus?

1. Sabin- can give you polio

2. Silk

What can mosquitos cause?

• Yellow fever

• West Nile

• Dengue

• Zika