ch 7

semi-permeable

semi-permeable

the phospholipid bilayer is s___-___________

hydrophilic polar

the phosphate heads are h___________ meaning they are _______

hydrophobic nonpolar

the lipid tails are h_________ meaning they are _________

integral protein

the long cylinder is an

exzyme proton pump channel protein intracellular joining signal transduction attachment cytoskeleton

integral protein functions: e_, p____ p____, c_____ p_______, i________ j_______, s________ t_________, and a________ to c________

cell to cell recognition

glycoprotein, glycolipid, oligosaccharide:

maintain fluidity

what does cholesteral do

cholesteral

OH connected to hexagons and then a squiggly line

glycoprotein

hexagons on top of a blob

glycolipid

hexagons on top of two squiggly lines

oligosaccharide

the hexagon part of the glycoprotein/lipid

peripheral protein

the circle at the end

enzyme receptor cell to cell communication

peripheral protein functions: e_, r_, c____ __ ____ c__________

cytoskeleton

x’s on the bottom of the drawing

support structure

the cytoskeleton provides su_____ and st________ to the cell

phosphate head

the circle part of the jellyfish looking things is the

lipid tails

the tail part of the jellyfish looking things are

plasma membrane

the layer that surrounds the cell as well as membrane bound organlles and controls how easily things pass in and out of the cell, “selectively permeable”

amphipathic1

amphipathic1 or hydrophilic1 - phosphate bilayer (phosphate head, lipid tail)

amphipathic2

amphipathic2 or hydrophilic1 - cholesterol (steroid) (lipid macromolecule group)

amphipathic3

amphipathic3 or hydrophilic1 - peripheral and integral proteins

hydrophilic1

amphipathic4 or hydrophilic1 - carbohydrates (oligosaccharides)

amphipathic4

amphipathic4 or hydrophilic2 - glycolipids and glycoproteins

polar

water is ______ (remember that like dissolves like)

fluid mosaic model

the _____ ______ _____ is a model which describes membranes as acting more like a fluid than a solid

cholesterol lipid

steriods that are wedges between the phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane … _________ WHICH IS A _____

buffer

cholesterol is known as a

passive transport

requires no high energy, molecules move down the concentration gradient, high concentration to low concentration

active transport

requires ATP, molecules move against concentration gradient, from low to high concentration

small hydrophobic

______ and __________ molecules can pass through the plasma membrane the most easily

large hydrophilic

_____ and ________ molecules have difficulty passing through the plasma membrane

simple diffusion

type of passive transport… tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space, spraying perfume in a room

osmosis

type of passive transport… the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration of water

facilitated diffusion

type of passive transport… f d

turgid

when a cell contains enough water to keep it form without bursting

osmoregulation

the control of water balance in a cell

lysis

when a cell takes in too much water and bursts

flaccid

when a cell does not gain water and eventually becomes limp (like a plant wilting)

plasmolysis

in plant cells - when a cell loses water and its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall

sodium-potassium pump

examples of active transport… a carrier protein that actively transport potassium ions into the cell and sodium ions out of the cell

electrogenic pump

examples of active transport… a pump that uses transport proteins to generate voltage across a membrane

proton pump

examples of active transport… a pump that transport hydrogen ions (protons) out of the cell

cotransport

example of active transport… occurs when a substance is pumped across a membrane and does work as its diffused back across the membrane

endocytosis

example of active transport… process in which the cell takes in macromolecules, external fluids, and large partices

phagocytosis

type of endocytosis… when the cell engulfs large particles such as bacteria and viruses (cell eating)

pinocytosis

type of endocytosis… when a cell engulfs smaller solutes or fluids (cell drinking)

receptor-mediated endocytosis

type of endocytosis… when a cell engulfs molecules into a vesicle containing proteins with receptor sites for specific molecules

exocytosis

example of active transport… used to release substances from the cell (same for both food and drink)

hypotonic

solution with more dots inside the cell than in the water

hypertonic

solution with more dots out in the water than in the cell

isotonic

solution with equal amount of dots

1

1, 2, 3, or 4… 3 molecules of Na+ enter the pump

2

1, 2, 3, or 4… ATP required to pump 3 Na+ molecules out of the cell

3

1, 2, 3, or 4… 2 K+ molecules enter the pump

4

1, 2, 3, or 4… two K+ molecules pumped into cell