Historical Illustration Quiz 1

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61 Terms

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relief carving

shallowly carved narrative sculpture

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hierarchical scale

the importance of subjects is based on their size and/or position

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stele

stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide. commemorative.

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hellenism

admiration for / imitation of the ideas, style, or culture of classical greek civilization

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iconography

religious images were believed to have miraculous origins, so the jin of the artist was to copy them as closely as possible. deviation and innovation was heretical.

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silk road

4000 mile network of trade routes that connected eastern and western eurasia, allowing transfer of goods, ideas, and aesthetics from 200 BCE - 1500s AD

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arabesque

rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing lines in Islamic art — repetition shows the infinite nature of god

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renaissance

  • triangular, stable compositions

  • first oil paintings and mathematical perspective

  • often commissioned by the church

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scientific revolution

  • man is not so special

  • comparative anatomy (man vs animal)

  • earth moves around the sun

  • isaac newton, laws of physics + gravity

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baroque

  • dark and scary

  • reflects religious tensions at the time

  • catholic church in rome trying to reassert dominance after protestant reformation

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rococo

  • cultural center is now france

  • frivolous, fanciful, decorative, focused on leisure of aristrocrats

  • reaction to religious agenda of baroque

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enlightenment

reason, liberty, and order valued above all else. classical antiquity is seen as the height of civilization.

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neoclassicism

  • reaction to frivolity of rococo, aligned with the values of the enlightenment

  • moral stories demonstrated the ethical “superiority” of antiquity

  • partly stimulated by the discovery of roman ruins at herculaneum and pompeii

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mandala

a chart, diagram, or geometric pattern that represents the universe

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african art

power, imagination. disregard for anatomy. design > realism

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logogram

a sign or character representing a word or phrase, used in Mesoamerican art

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carpet page

an illuminated manuscript page covered entirely in decoration

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persian miniatures

islamic art that did not forbid the human figure

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gutenberg press

developed in 1440, dramatically sped up reproduction time for books; beginning of the end of illuminated manuscripts

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wood and copperplate engraving

main illustration technique for 500 years

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industrial revolution

  • 1850

  • beginning of life based on commerce, mass production, and materialism instead of spiritual and natural beauty

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the industrial revolution…

prompts several stylistic reactions

  • romanticism

  • realism

  • the pre-raphaelite brotherhood

  • the arts and crafts movement

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Japan Opens for Trade

  • 1850

  • japanese woodblock prints, with flat, graphic depictions, open space, planar perspective, and high horizons spread around the west

  • western cultural influence spreads through japan

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romanticism

  • reaction to industrial revolution

  • a longing for the days of antiquity

  • mythological and legendary subject matter with particular regard for the hero and heroine

  • same time period as neoclassical art, but very different stories and focus

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preraphaelite brotherhood

  • dismissing the requirements of “fine” art that dominated since Raphael (renaissance)

  • natural detail, every single leaf on a plant

  • observation and photographic reference

  • full picture plane, as if the image will be engraved

  • love ophelia, tragic romantic stories

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arts and crafts movement

believed that hand crafted objects were superior to those made by machine and that the rural craftsman had a superior lifestyle to those who slaved in the urban mills and factories

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currier and ives

lithographic print producing company that chronicled life in the 19th century

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revolutionary war

documentation and political cartoons founded American published artwork

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Reading Industry

  • 1800s

  • the decreasing cost of publishing and the increased capacity for travel via the invention of tracks, engines, and the corresponding railway distribution

  • cheaper and faster to print large quantities

  • ad revenue decreased costs to the consumer

  • ability for literature to be circulated on a large scale

  • increased literacy due to easier access

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penny press

new printing technology dramatically sped up the printing process = increased newspaper circulation. cheap, interesting literature = increased literacy = larger market

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as revenue

gave newspapers autonomy — not reliant on personal wealth to start production

  • fewer socioeconomic barriers to publication = more differing viewpoints were published

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Hogarth’s Act

Engravers Copyright Act (1735) — the first copyright law to deal with visual works as well as the first to recognize the authorial rights of an individual artist

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two major competing illustration heavy newspapers:

  • Harper & Brothers

  • Frank Leslies Illustrated News

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special correspondents

civil war artists who mailed their work to publications via special delivery — worked for two major newspapers, Harper’s or Leslie’s

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penny dreadful

late 1800s — cheap popular serial horror stories

  • precursor to pulp fiction, along with story papers

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1890 Photomechanical Reproduction

allowed illustration to be directly reproduced in print

  • killed engraving

  • opened way for individual illustration styles

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John Tenniel

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Gustav Dore

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John James Audubon

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Dante Gabriel Rosetti

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William Morris

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J.J. Grandville

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Thomas Nast

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Aubrey Beardsley

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Egyptian Art

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Nok Sculpture

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Celtic Art

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Illuminated Manuscript

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Illumination - Carpet Page

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Persian Miniature

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Gothic

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Renaissance

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Mannerism

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Baroque

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Rococo

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Neoclassism

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<p>Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood</p>

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

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Special Correspondents

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Lithograph

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Woodcut

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Copperplate

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