AP World History: Ch 33-38

What event is considered the immediate origin of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in June 1914.

Where was Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated?

Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina.

What stance did Ferdinand take regarding Serbian autonomy?

He was in favor of greater Serbian autonomy.

Who assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip.

What was the fate of Gavrilo Princip after the assassination?

He was captured, tortured, sentenced to 20 years in prison, and died of tuberculosis.

What was the estimated death toll of World War I?

Conservative estimates are around 15 million dead, including 5 million non-combatants.

What empires ended as a result of World War I?

the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian Empire

What was one major consequence of World War I for global economics?

Massive global economic dislocations.

What movement motivated the larger causes of World War I?

Competing nationalisms.

Which two empires had a significant rivalry leading up to World War I?

Britain and Germany.

What was the Triple Alliance?

A military alliance formed by Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy in 1882.

What countries were part of the Triple Entente?

Russia, France, and the United Kingdom.

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A German war strategy to defeat France quickly and then turn to Russia.

What sparked the declarations of war that began World War I?

Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia and subsequent mobilizations.

What was the primary form of warfare on the Western Front during World War I?

Trench warfare.

What were some of the new weapons introduced during World War I?

Machine guns, tanks, barbed wire, and poison gas.

What was the impact of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on the Eastern Front?

signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, by which Russia withdrew from World War and ceded vast territories, leading to significant territorial losses for Russia and allowing the Central Powers to focus on the Western Front.

What was the economic relationship of U.S. with allied powers during World War I?

The U.S. became economically tied to the Allies through loans and trade.

What event led to the U.S. entering World War I?

The sinking of the Lusitania and other attacks on American ships, and the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917

What was the Armistice date that ended World War I?

November 11, 1918.

What was one significant outcome of the Paris Peace Conference?

The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh penalties on Germany.

Who was the leader that established a Republic of Turkey after World War I?

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

What was one key principle of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?

The idea of self-determination for nations.

What was the League of Nations?

An organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries.

What was the cultural impact of the 'Lost Generation' after World War I?

Disillusionment and pessimism regarding the idea of human progress.

Who proposed the theory of special relativity?

Albert Einstein.

What impact did World War I have on women's rights in Europe?

Women gained workforce opportunities as men went to war.

What was a major feature of propaganda during World War I?

Maintenance of public support for the war effort.

Which countries prioritized military spending in Europe leading to WWII?

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

What was the Great Depression's impact on global economies?

Economic collapse and high unemployment rates worldwide.

Which major political ideology gained traction in Russia post-World War I?

Communism.

What was the significant political outcome of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917?

The creation of the Soviet Union.

Who was the primary leader of the Soviet Union following Lenin?

Joseph Stalin.

What was the purpose of Stalin's Five-Year Plans?

To industrialize and collectivize agriculture in the Soviet Union.

What was the fate of millions of peasants during Staling's policies?

They faced oppression, famine, and massive population loss.

What did the Nuremberg Laws deal with?

They institutionalized racial discrimination against Jews in Nazi Germany.

What global conflict arose as a result of World War II?

The Cold War.

What was the ideation behind the U.S. 'containment' policy?

To prevent the spread of communism worldwide.

Who was the Chinese leader of the communists during the civil war?

Mao Zedong.

Why did the Berlin Wall come to represent the Cold War?

It symbolized the division between communist and capitalist ideologies.

What event marked the end of the Cold War?

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

What technological development dramatically affected global trade in the late 20th century?

The internet.

What major international economic organization was established after WWII to regulate trade?

The World Trade Organization (WTO).