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Example of a colony-stimulating factor?
Filgrastim
MOA of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
Binds G-CSF receptors → stimulates bone marrow to produce & release neutrophils.
Effects on body/health of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
↑ WBCs, reduces infection risk, supports chemo/radiation recovery.
Indications for Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
After chemo, bone marrow transplant, severe chronic neutropenia, before stem cell donation.
Contraindications for Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
Allergy to E. coli-derived proteins, avoid within 24h of chemo; caution in bone marrow cancers, heart disease, sickle cell.
Common SE of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
Bone pain, injection site pain, leukocytosis, allergic reactions, respiratory issues.
Serious ADRs of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
Splenic rupture, ARDS, anaphylaxis, aortitis, capillary leak, thrombocytopenia, AML/MDS, sickle cell crisis.
Patient education for Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?
Store in fridge (original packaging, protect from light), rotate injection sites, report severe pain, LUQ pain, bleeding, breathing issues.
Example of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent?
Epoetin Alfa
MOA of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
Stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs → ↑ reticulocytes → mature RBCs.
Effects on body/health of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
↑ Hemoglobin & RBC count, improves anemia symptoms.
Indications for Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
CKD, anemia from chemo or zidovudine, pre-surgery anemia.
Contraindications for Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
Allergy to albumin, pure red cell aplasia, uncontrolled HTN, certain cancers; caution in CV disease, seizures, pregnancy.
Common SE of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
Hypertension, skin reactions.
Serious ADRs of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
Blood clots (DVT, MI, stroke, HF), seizures, cancer progression.
Patient education for Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?
Report signs of clot/stroke/MI, dose adjusted by Hgb, teach self-injection technique.
Example of Nitrogen Mustard)?
Cyclophosphamide
MOA of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
Cell cycle nonspecific → damages DNA → cancer cell death.
Effects on body/health of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
Kills cancer cells, shrinks tumors; best in combo therapy.
Indications for Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
Hodgkin’s/Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, CLL, breast, ovarian, lung cancers.
Contraindications for Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergy, urinary obstruction; caution with myelosuppression, liver/renal disease, infection, live vaccines.
Common SE of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
GI upset, alopecia, myelosuppression, infertility.
Serious ADRs of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
Severe myelosuppression (infection, bleeding), hemorrhagic cystitis.
Patient education for Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?
Hydrate well to prevent cystitis, gloves when handling, report bleeding/infection, discuss fertility risk.
Example of Platinum Compound?
Cisplatin
MOA of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
Cross-links DNA strands → blocks replication → cell death.
Effects on body/health of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
Kills cancer cells, severe toxicity.
Indications for Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
Testicular, bladder, ovarian cancer.
Contraindications for Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergy; caution in renal dysfunction, hearing loss, infection.
Common SE of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
GI upset, alopecia.
Serious ADRs of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
Myelosuppression, risk of secondary cancers, organ damage.
Patient education for Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?
Hydration important, monitor renal function, report hearing changes.
Example of Antineoplastic Antibiotic?
Doxorubicin
MOA of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Binds DNA → distorts/breaks strands; inhibits topoisomerase II → cell death.
Effects on body/health of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Kills tumors but harms healthy cells.
Indications for Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Leukemias, lymphomas, bladder, breast, ovarian, thyroid cancers, pediatric tumors.
Contraindications for Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, marrow suppression, with taxanes or trastuzumab.
Common SE of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Fatigue, N/V, alopecia, myelosuppression, stomatitis, red urine.
Serious ADRs of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Cardiotoxicity, necrosis, photosensitivity, infertility, secondary cancers.
Patient education for Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?
Report chest pain/SOB, expect red urine, use sun protection, monitor cardiac function.
Example of Vinca Alkaloid?
Vincristrine
MOA of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
M-phase specific; binds tubulin → blocks microtubule formation → stops mitosis.
Effects on body/health of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
Tumor shrinkage; may cause neuropathy.
Indications for Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
ALL, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s/Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, pediatric tumors.
Contraindications for Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
Pregnancy, breastfeeding; caution with low WBC, neuro disorders, liver disease.
Common SE of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
Alopecia, GI upset.
Serious ADRs of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
Neurotoxicity (neuropathy, paralytic ileus), myelosuppression.
Patient education for Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?
Report numbness/tingling, monitor bowel function, expect alopecia/GI upset, infection precautions.
Example of Folic Acid Analog?
Methotrexate
MOA of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
Blocks dihydrofolate reductase → halts DNA/RNA synthesis → cell death.
Effects on body/health of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
Tumor shrinkage, immunosuppression.
Indications for Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
Childhood leukemia, lymphoma, breast/ovarian/head & neck cancers.
Contraindications for Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
Liver disease, alcohol use disorder; caution with cytopenias, HIV/AIDS, renal disease.
Common SE of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
GI upset, mucosal ulcers, rash, fatigue, alopecia.
Serious ADRs of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
Hepatotoxicity, GI bleed, renal failure, aplastic anemia, secondary cancers.
Patient education for Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?
Avoid alcohol, monitor CBC, use birth control, report fever/infection.
Example of Purine analog?
Mercaptopurine
MOA of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
S-phase specific; mimics purines → blocks DNA synthesis.
Effects on body/health of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
Kills cancer cells, damages healthy cells too.
Indications for Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemias.
Contraindications for Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
Pregnancy, hypersensitivity, avoid live vaccines 2mo after stopping.
Common SE of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
GI upset, alopecia, myelosuppression.
Serious ADRs of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
Hepatotoxicity, secondary cancers, macrophage activation syndrome.
Patient education for Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?
Avoid alcohol, monitor CBC, report fever/infection, use birth control.
Example of GnRH Agonist?
Leuprolide
MOA of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
Continuous use → downregulates GnRH receptors → ↓ LH/FSH → ↓ testosterone.
Effects on body/health of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
Slows prostate cancer, palliative relief.
Indications for Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
Advanced prostate cancer (palliative).
Contraindications for Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, allergy.
Common SE of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
Hot flashes, headaches, injection pain, low testosterone effects.
Serious ADRs of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
MI, stroke, insulin resistance.
Patient education for Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?
Take as prescribed, report mood changes, teratogenic—use nonhormonal birth control.
Example of Androgen Receptor Blocker?
Flutamide
MOA of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
Blocks testosterone receptors → stops prostate cancer cell growth.
Effects on body/health of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
Inhibits prostate cancer progression.
Indications for Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
Prostate cancer (often with GnRH agonist).
Contraindications for Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
Allergy, severe liver disease; caution with warfarin.
Common SE of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
GI upset, anorexia.
Serious ADRs of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
Hepatotoxicity.
Patient education for Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?
Take as prescribed, report new symptoms, teratogenic—use nonhormonal birth control.
Example of Estrogen Receptor Blocker?
Tamoxifen
MOA of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
Blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue; partial agonist in bone.
Effects on body/health of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
Stops ER+ breast cancer growth, protects bone.
Indications for Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
ER+ breast cancer.
Contraindications for Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, warfarin use, DVT/PE history.
Common SE of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, menstrual irregularities.
Serious ADRs of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
Uterine cancer, thrombocytopenia, severe bone pain, HTN.
Patient education for Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?
Take as prescribed, report clot symptoms, teratogenic—use nonhormonal birth control.
MOA of Interferons?
Activates immune system, slows cancer growth, induces apoptosis.
Effects on body/health of Interferons?
Slows tumor growth, boosts immune activity.
Indications for Interferons?
Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, hairy-cell leukemia, CML.
Contraindications for Interferons?
Pregnancy, lactation, cardiac disease, seizures, psych disorders, liver/renal failure.
Common SE of Interferons?
Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, fatigue).
Serious ADRs of Interferons?
Severe depression, hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, arrhythmias, myelosuppression, autoimmune disease.
Patient education for Interferons?
Rotate injection sites, report mood/vision changes, monitor labs, expect flu-like symptoms.