Chemotherapy

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95 Terms

1
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Example of a colony-stimulating factor?

Filgrastim

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MOA of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

Binds G-CSF receptors → stimulates bone marrow to produce & release neutrophils.

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Effects on body/health of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

↑ WBCs, reduces infection risk, supports chemo/radiation recovery.

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Indications for Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

After chemo, bone marrow transplant, severe chronic neutropenia, before stem cell donation.

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Contraindications for Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

Allergy to E. coli-derived proteins, avoid within 24h of chemo; caution in bone marrow cancers, heart disease, sickle cell.

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Common SE of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

Bone pain, injection site pain, leukocytosis, allergic reactions, respiratory issues.

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Serious ADRs of Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

Splenic rupture, ARDS, anaphylaxis, aortitis, capillary leak, thrombocytopenia, AML/MDS, sickle cell crisis.

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Patient education for Filgrastim (Colony-Stimulating Factor)?

Store in fridge (original packaging, protect from light), rotate injection sites, report severe pain, LUQ pain, bleeding, breathing issues.

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Example of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent?

Epoetin Alfa

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MOA of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

Stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs → ↑ reticulocytes → mature RBCs.

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Effects on body/health of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

↑ Hemoglobin & RBC count, improves anemia symptoms.

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Indications for Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

CKD, anemia from chemo or zidovudine, pre-surgery anemia.

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Contraindications for Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

Allergy to albumin, pure red cell aplasia, uncontrolled HTN, certain cancers; caution in CV disease, seizures, pregnancy.

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Common SE of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

Hypertension, skin reactions.

15
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Serious ADRs of Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

Blood clots (DVT, MI, stroke, HF), seizures, cancer progression.

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Patient education for Epoetin Alfa (Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent)?

Report signs of clot/stroke/MI, dose adjusted by Hgb, teach self-injection technique.

17
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Example of Nitrogen Mustard)?

Cyclophosphamide

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MOA of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

Cell cycle nonspecific → damages DNA → cancer cell death.

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Effects on body/health of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

Kills cancer cells, shrinks tumors; best in combo therapy.

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Indications for Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

Hodgkin’s/Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, CLL, breast, ovarian, lung cancers.

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Contraindications for Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergy, urinary obstruction; caution with myelosuppression, liver/renal disease, infection, live vaccines.

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Common SE of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

GI upset, alopecia, myelosuppression, infertility.

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Serious ADRs of Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

Severe myelosuppression (infection, bleeding), hemorrhagic cystitis.

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Patient education for Cyclophosphamide (Nitrogen Mustard)?

Hydrate well to prevent cystitis, gloves when handling, report bleeding/infection, discuss fertility risk.

25
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Example of Platinum Compound?

Cisplatin

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MOA of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

Cross-links DNA strands → blocks replication → cell death.

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Effects on body/health of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

Kills cancer cells, severe toxicity.

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Indications for Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

Testicular, bladder, ovarian cancer.

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Contraindications for Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergy; caution in renal dysfunction, hearing loss, infection.

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Common SE of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

GI upset, alopecia.

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Serious ADRs of Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

Myelosuppression, risk of secondary cancers, organ damage.

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Patient education for Cisplatin (Platinum Compound)?

Hydration important, monitor renal function, report hearing changes.

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Example of Antineoplastic Antibiotic?

Doxorubicin

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MOA of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Binds DNA → distorts/breaks strands; inhibits topoisomerase II → cell death.

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Effects on body/health of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Kills tumors but harms healthy cells.

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Indications for Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Leukemias, lymphomas, bladder, breast, ovarian, thyroid cancers, pediatric tumors.

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Contraindications for Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, marrow suppression, with taxanes or trastuzumab.

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Common SE of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Fatigue, N/V, alopecia, myelosuppression, stomatitis, red urine.

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Serious ADRs of Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Cardiotoxicity, necrosis, photosensitivity, infertility, secondary cancers.

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Patient education for Doxorubicin (Antineoplastic Antibiotic)?

Report chest pain/SOB, expect red urine, use sun protection, monitor cardiac function.

41
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Example of Vinca Alkaloid?

Vincristrine

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MOA of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

M-phase specific; binds tubulin → blocks microtubule formation → stops mitosis.

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Effects on body/health of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

Tumor shrinkage; may cause neuropathy.

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Indications for Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

ALL, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s/Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, pediatric tumors.

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Contraindications for Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

Pregnancy, breastfeeding; caution with low WBC, neuro disorders, liver disease.

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Common SE of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

Alopecia, GI upset.

47
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Serious ADRs of Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

Neurotoxicity (neuropathy, paralytic ileus), myelosuppression.

48
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Patient education for Vincristine (Vinca Alkaloid)?

Report numbness/tingling, monitor bowel function, expect alopecia/GI upset, infection precautions.

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Example of Folic Acid Analog?

Methotrexate

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MOA of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

Blocks dihydrofolate reductase → halts DNA/RNA synthesis → cell death.

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Effects on body/health of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

Tumor shrinkage, immunosuppression.

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Indications for Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

Childhood leukemia, lymphoma, breast/ovarian/head & neck cancers.

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Contraindications for Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

Liver disease, alcohol use disorder; caution with cytopenias, HIV/AIDS, renal disease.

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Common SE of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

GI upset, mucosal ulcers, rash, fatigue, alopecia.

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Serious ADRs of Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

Hepatotoxicity, GI bleed, renal failure, aplastic anemia, secondary cancers.

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Patient education for Methotrexate (Folic Acid Analog)?

Avoid alcohol, monitor CBC, use birth control, report fever/infection.

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Example of Purine analog?

Mercaptopurine

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MOA of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

S-phase specific; mimics purines → blocks DNA synthesis.

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Effects on body/health of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

Kills cancer cells, damages healthy cells too.

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Indications for Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

Acute non-lymphocytic leukemias.

61
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Contraindications for Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

Pregnancy, hypersensitivity, avoid live vaccines 2mo after stopping.

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Common SE of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

GI upset, alopecia, myelosuppression.

63
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Serious ADRs of Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

Hepatotoxicity, secondary cancers, macrophage activation syndrome.

64
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Patient education for Mercaptopurine (Purine Analog)?

Avoid alcohol, monitor CBC, report fever/infection, use birth control.

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Example of GnRH Agonist?

Leuprolide

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MOA of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

Continuous use → downregulates GnRH receptors → ↓ LH/FSH → ↓ testosterone.

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Effects on body/health of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

Slows prostate cancer, palliative relief.

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Indications for Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

Advanced prostate cancer (palliative).

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Contraindications for Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, allergy.

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Common SE of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

Hot flashes, headaches, injection pain, low testosterone effects.

71
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Serious ADRs of Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

MI, stroke, insulin resistance.

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Patient education for Leuprolide (GnRH Agonist)?

Take as prescribed, report mood changes, teratogenic—use nonhormonal birth control.

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Example of Androgen Receptor Blocker?

Flutamide

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MOA of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

Blocks testosterone receptors → stops prostate cancer cell growth.

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Effects on body/health of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

Inhibits prostate cancer progression.

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Indications for Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

Prostate cancer (often with GnRH agonist).

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Contraindications for Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

Allergy, severe liver disease; caution with warfarin.

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Common SE of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

GI upset, anorexia.

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Serious ADRs of Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

Hepatotoxicity.

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Patient education for Flutamide (Androgen Receptor Blocker)?

Take as prescribed, report new symptoms, teratogenic—use nonhormonal birth control.

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Example of Estrogen Receptor Blocker?

Tamoxifen

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MOA of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

Blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue; partial agonist in bone.

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Effects on body/health of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

Stops ER+ breast cancer growth, protects bone.

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Indications for Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

ER+ breast cancer.

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Contraindications for Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, warfarin use, DVT/PE history.

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Common SE of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, menstrual irregularities.

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Serious ADRs of Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

Uterine cancer, thrombocytopenia, severe bone pain, HTN.

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Patient education for Tamoxifen (Estrogen Receptor Blocker)?

Take as prescribed, report clot symptoms, teratogenic—use nonhormonal birth control.

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MOA of Interferons?

Activates immune system, slows cancer growth, induces apoptosis.

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Effects on body/health of Interferons?

Slows tumor growth, boosts immune activity.

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Indications for Interferons?

Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, hairy-cell leukemia, CML.

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Contraindications for Interferons?

Pregnancy, lactation, cardiac disease, seizures, psych disorders, liver/renal failure.

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Common SE of Interferons?

Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, fatigue).

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Serious ADRs of Interferons?

Severe depression, hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, arrhythmias, myelosuppression, autoimmune disease.

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Patient education for Interferons?

Rotate injection sites, report mood/vision changes, monitor labs, expect flu-like symptoms.