CPPS 221 - Appendicular muscles

what is the action rule for muscles on the posterior surface?

moves the body/limb backwards

what is the action rule for muscles on the anterior surface?

move the body/limb forward

muscles must cross what to have an action on it?

it must cross a joint to have an action on a joint

muscles that cross 2 or more joints will have an action on what?

an action on each joint they cross

what is another name for the muscles that position the pectoral girdle?

extrinsic muscles of shoulder

where do the extrinsic muscles of shoulder originate from?

axial skeleton

extrinsic muscles of shoulder insertion?

into bones of the pectoral girdle or arm

when the extrinsic muscles of shoulder move, what do they do?

they maximize the max ROM of the shoulder

levator scapulae origin?

TP of C 1-4

levator scapulae insertion?

• vertebral border of scapula near superior angle

• medial end of scapular spine

levator scapulae action?

• elevates scapula

• downward rotation

serrates anterior origin?

anterior/superior margins of ribs 1-8/10

serrates anterior insertion?

anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

serratus anterior action?

• protraction

• upward rotation (GC moves superiorly)

pectroalis minor origin?

• anterior superior surface on ribs 3-5

• fascia of external intercostal

pectoralis minor insertion?

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor action?

• depress and protract shoulder

• downward rotation (GC moves inferiorly)

• if scapula is stable - will elevate ribs

rhomboid major origin?

• ligamentum niche

• SP of T2-T5

rhomboid major insertion?

vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

rhomboid major action?

adducts and downward rotation of scapula

rhomboid minor origin?

SP of vertebrae C7-T1

rhomboid minor insertion?

vertebral border of scapula

rhomboid minor action?

• adducts scapula

• downward rotation of scapula

trapezius origin?

• occipital bone

• ligamentum nuchae

• spinous process of T spine vertebrae

trapezius insertion?

• clavicle

• acromion

• spine of scapula

trapezius action?

upper fibers - elevation and superior rotation

middle - retraction

lower - depression and superior rotation

subclavius origin?

1st rib

subclavius insertion?

clavicle inferior border of the middle 1/3

subclavius action?

• depresses shoulder (scapular end of clavicle)

• protracts shoulder (scapular end of clavicle)

pectoralis major origin?

• cartilages of ribs 2-6

• body of sternum

• inferior and medial portion of clavicle

pectorals major insertion?

• creat of greater tubercle

• lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

pectorals major action?

• flexion

• adduction

• medial rotation of shoulder

deltoid origin?

clavicle and scapula

deltoid insertion?

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

deltoid action?

abduction of shoulder

• anterior fibers - flexion, medial rotation of humerus

• posterior fibers - extension and lateral rotation of humerus

coracobrachialis origin?

coracoid process

coracobrachialis insertion?

medial margin of shaft of humerus

coracobrachialis action?

• adduction of shoulder

• flexion of shoulder

teres major origin?

inferior angle of scapula

teres major insertion?

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

teres major action?

• extension of shoulder

• medial rotation of shoulder

latissimus dorsi origin?

• SP of inferior thoracic

• all lumbar & sacral vertebrae

• ribs 8-12

• thoracolumbar fascia

latissimus dorsi insertion?

floor of bicipital groove of humerus

latissimus dorsi action?

• extension of shoulder

• adduction of shoulder

• medial rotation of shoulder

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

1. supraspinatus

2. infraspinatus

3. teres minor

4. subscapularis

• SITS

suprasinatus origin?

supraspinous fossa of scapula

surpaspinatus insertion?

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus action?

• initiation of abduction of arm at shoulder joint

• stabilizes shoulder joint

infraspinatus origin?

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

infraspinatus insertion?

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus action?

• lateral rotation of arm at the shoulder joint

• stabilization of shoulder joint

teres minor origin?

posterior inferior portion of the lateral border of the scapula

teres minor insertion?

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor action?

• lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder

• stabilizes the shoulder joint

subscapularis origin?

subscapular fossa of the scapula

subscapularis insertion?

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis action?

• medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint

• stabilizes shoulder joint

which muscle initiates shoulder abduction?

supraspinatus

which muscle completes the shoulder abduction action?

the deltoids

which muscles do shoulder abduction?

• middle deltoid fibers (primary movers)

• supraspinatus

which muscles do shoulder adduction?

• latissimus dorsi (primary movers)

• pectoralis major (primary movers)

• coracobrachialis

which shoulder muscles do flexion?

• pectoralis major (primary movers)

• anterior deltoid fibers (primary movers)

• coracobrachialis

• long head of biceps brachii

which shoulder muscles do extension?

• latissimus dorsi (primary movers)

• posterior deltoid fibers (primary movers)

• teres major

• long head of triceps brachii

which muscles do shoulder medial rotation?

• subscapularis (primary movers)

• anterior deltoid fibers

• latissimus dorsi

• pectoralis major

• teres major

which muscles do shoulder lateral rotation?

• infraspinatus (primary movers)

• teres minor (primary movers)

• posterior deltoid fibers

which muscles do elbow flexion?

• brachialis (primary movers)

• biceps brachii

• brachioradialis

which muscles do elbow extension?

triceps brachii (primary movers)