AP World History 5.1 Flashcards

John Locke

Philosopher advocating natural rights and social contract theories in the 17th century.

social contract

Agreement for collective governance in exchange for personal rights.

tabula rasa

Concept that individuals are born without built-in mental content.

philosophes

18th-century Enlightenment intellectuals promoting reason and reform.

Baron Montesquieu

Philosopher who advocated separation of powers in government systems.

Voltaire

Writer renowned for critiques of religion and advocacy for civil liberties.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher who expanded social contract theory, emphasizing general will.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement prioritizing reason, individualism, and scientific inquiry.

nationalism

Loyalty and pride in one's culture or nation, often leading to statehood aspirations.

empiricism

Theory that knowledge is derived from sensory experience and experiments.

deism

Belief in a god who created the universe but does not intervene in its operations.

Thomas Paine

Political activist known for advocating independence and Deism in writings.

conservatism

Political philosophy favoring tradition and gradual change over radical reform.

classical liberalism

Ideology that emphasizes individual rights, limited government, and free markets.

feminism

Movement advocating for women's rights and equality based on Enlightenment principles.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Early feminist writer advocating for women’s education and rights.

abolitionism

Movement aimed at ending slavery and promoting the freedom of enslaved people.

Zionism

National movement for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the historical land of Israel.

anti-Semitism

Hostility or prejudice against Jews, leading to discrimination and persecution.

Theodor Herzl

Founder of modern Zionism advocating for a Jewish state in the late 19th century.

Dreyfus Affair

Controversial trial highlighting deep-seated anti-Semitism in France in the late 19th century.

Adam Smith

Economist advocating for free markets and minimal government intervention in economic matters.

The Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith's work promoting capitalism and free trade principles.

laissez-faire

Economic philosophy advocating minimal government interference in business operations.

capitalism

Economic system where means of production are privately owned and operated for profit.

socialism

Economic theory advocating for public or cooperative ownership of production means.

utopian socialists

Reformers envisioning ideal communities by advocating for cooperative ownership.

Henri de Saint-Simon

Proponent of industrial cooperation and public works for societal benefit.

Charles Fourier

Theorist promoting harmonious communities and enjoyable work experiences.

Robert Owen

Social reformer founding intentional communities based on socialist principles.

Fabian Society

British socialist group advocating for gradual reforms through political mean