Biology Classification and Cells

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to classification, cells, and biological concepts.

Homo sapiens

The scientific name for humans, following the binomial system of nomenclature.

Binomial system

A two-word naming system for species, consisting of genus and species.

Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Dichotomous Key

A tool used for identifying organisms by answering a series of questions.

Analogous structures

Structures that have similar functions but different ancestries.

Homologous structures

Structures that share a common ancestry despite having different functions.

Vertebrates

Animals that have a backbone.

Invertebrates

Animals that lack a backbone.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and organelles; includes animal and plant cells.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within a cell where metabolic reactions occur.

Mitochondria

Organelles where aerobic respiration happens to generate energy.

Ribosomes

Cell organelles where protein synthesis occurs.

Cell membrane

The barrier that controls substances entering and exiting a cell.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Homeostasis

The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment.

Cell wall

A rigid structure that surrounds plant cells, providing support and preventing bursting.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.

Turgid

The state of a plant cell when it is full of water, maintaining its shape.

Cell specialization

The adaptation of cells to perform specific functions within an organism.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains genetic material and controls cellular activities.