Basic Nutrition - Proteins

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to proteins, their functions, classifications, and health implications.

Protein

Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of amino acids.

Amino Acids

Organic compounds that contain both an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH).

Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that are indispensable and must be obtained through the diet.

Non-Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not need to be obtained from food.

Proteins Role in Health

Proteins are essential macronutrients required for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues.

Enzymatic Activity

Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without being consumed.

Transport Proteins

Proteins that move molecules and ions across cell membranes and throughout the body.

Immune Proteins

Proteins that help identify, neutralize, and eliminate pathogens.

Hormonal Regulation

Proteins that act as signaling molecules to regulate physiological processes.

Protein Metabolism

The process by which proteins are built from amino acids and broken down in the body.

Denaturation

The loss of native structure of proteins without breaking peptide bonds, often rendering them inactive.

Digestibility of Proteins

The ability of proteins to be broken down and absorbed in the digestive system.

Plant Proteins

Proteins derived from plant sources that often lack one or more essential amino acids.

Complete Proteins

Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids, typically found in animal sources.

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

The daily recommended intake of protein for sedentary adults, approximately 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.

Protein Deficiency Symptoms

Symptoms include edema, muscle wasting, and weakened immune function due to low protein intake.

Protein Excess Symptoms

Symptoms such as kidney strain and dehydration can result from excessive protein intake.