reformation concepts
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39 Terms
Who started the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
What document did Luther post in 1517?
Ninety-Five Theses
What church abuse sparked Luther’s protest?
Indulgences
What is justification by faith alone?
Salvation through faith
What invention spread Reformation ideas?
Printing press
What did “priesthood of all believers” challenge?
Clerical hierarchy
Who led reform in Switzerland?
Ulrich Zwingli
What Protestant group rejected infant baptism?
Anabaptists
Who founded Calvinism?
John Calvin
Calvin’s theology emphasized?
Predestination
Calvin’s major book?
Institutes of the Christian Religion
Who spread Calvinism to Scotland?
John Knox
1521 assembly where Luther refused to recant?
Diet of Worms
Revolt inspired by Reformation but crushed?
German Peasants’ War
Lutheran statement of faith (1530)?
Augsburg Confession
1555 settlement allowing princes to choose religion?
Peace of Augsburg
Religions recognized in Peace of Augsburg?
Lutheranism
English king who broke with Rome?
Henry VIII
Church created by Henry VIII?
Church of England / Anglican
Who established England as firmly Protestant?
Elizabeth I
Catholic fleet defeated in 1588?
Spanish Armada
Council that reformed Catholicism (1545–1563)?
Council of Trent
Group founded to combat Protestantism with education & missions?
Jesuits
Jesuit founder?
Ignatius Loyola
What was the papal court to fight heresy?
Holy Office / Inquisition
Catholic censorship list?
Index of Forbidden Books
French Calvinists were called?
Huguenots
1572 massacre of Huguenots in Paris?
Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
French moderates valuing unity over religion?
Politiques
1598 decree granting Huguenot toleration?
Edict of Nantes
French king who issued the Edict of Nantes?
Henry IV
1581 alliance declaring Dutch independence?
Union of Utrecht
Religion of northern Netherlands after independence?
Calvinism
Luther vs. Zwingli disagreed on?
Eucharist
Year of Ninety-Five Theses?
1517
Year of Peace of Augsburg?
1555
Who ruled Spain during the Armada?
Philip II
Key Jesuit tool for training?
Spiritual Exercises