Cell Types ,Cell Theory, Scientists, & Microscopes

cell theory

Idea that: 1. ALL living things are composed of cells, 2. cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, 3. new cells are produced from preexisting cells

prokaryotic cell

very small simple cell that does NOT have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles ( Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria)

eukaryotic cell

Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles ( Kingdoms: Fungi, Plantae, Protista, & Animalia)

Robert Hooke

Studied cork under the microscope and and named the structures he saw "cells", discovered cells, 1st to see cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch scientist who looked at teeth scrappings and pond water, called the organisms he saw "animicules", further advanced the microscope, 1st to see LIVING cells

Mathias Schleiden

German botanist who studied plant cells, he and Schwann contributed to cell theory by demonstrating that all living things are made of cells AND that cells are the basic structural unit of living things

Theodor Schwann

German zoologist who studied animal cells, he and Schleiden contributed to cell theory by demonstrating that all living things are made of cells AND that cells are the basic structural unit of living things

Rudolph Virchow

A German doctor who stated that all living cells come from other living cells (part 3 of the cell theory)

compound light microscope

a microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the surface architecture of a cell or other specimen, expensive and requires training to operate

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

a microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections stained with metal atoms and is primarily used to study the internal structures of cells, expensive and requires training to operate

nucleus (of a cell)

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction, NOT FOUND IN PROKAYOTIC CELLS

membrane bound organelles

ONLY eukaryotic cells have these, tiny organ like structures surrounded by a membrane

Unicellular

Organism made of a single cell, ALL prokaryotes are unicellular

Multicellular

organisms made of many cells, most eukaryotes are multicellular but many protists are not

ALL CELLS

have a cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

spontaneous generation

the MISTAKEN idea that living things arise from nonliving sources, in direct conflict with 3rd point of Cell Theory ( All cells come from preexisting cells)

Ribosome

Makes proteins, found in BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

phospholipid bilayer that surrounds ALL cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Pasturization

process in which a liquid is heated to a temperature that kills most bacteria and microorganisms to prevent spoiling of canned goods

light source of microscope

located in the base

illuminates sample

stage of microscope

Holds the microscope slide in position.

course adjustment knob

used to focus only on low power

revolving nosepiece

Holds and turns the objectives into viewing position

Diaphragm

Regulates the amount of light on the specimen

eyepiece lens (ocular lens)

Contains a lens that magnifies about 10x

fine adjustment knob

this part moves the stage slightly to help you sharpen or "fine" tune your view of the specimen

low power objective

a small lens with low magnifying power (4x)

medium power objective

medium sized objective

high power objective

a large lens with high magnifying power.

arm

Used to support the microscope when carried

Base

supports the microscope

body tube

Connects the eyepiece to the revolving nosepiece

stage clips

holds the slide in place on the stage

total magnification

objective lens x ocular (eyepiece) lens

endosymbiotic theory

a theory that states that certain kinds of prokaryotes began living inside of larger cells and evolved into the organelles of modern-day eukaryotes

cell wall

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, fungi, & prokaryotes, NOT found in animal cells