AP World Quick Study Guide (1750–1945)

A comprehensive set of flashcards summarizing key concepts related to AP World History from 1750 to 1945.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing Reason, Natural rights, Individual liberty, and Equality before the law.

American Revolution

The war (1776) in which colonists gained independence from Britain.

French Revolution

The revolution (1789) that overthrew the monarchy and established a republic in France.

Haitian Revolution

The revolt (1791–1804) by enslaved people against France, resulting in the first independent Black republic.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization starting in Great Britain in the late 18th century.

Working Class (Proletariat)

Factory workers who face low wages and long hours.

Middle Class (Bourgeoisie)

Factory owners, managers, and professionals who benefit from industrialization.

Second Industrial Revolution

A phase of industrial development that mainly occurred in the late 19th century, introducing new industries such as steel and electricity.

Imperialism

The expansion of industrial nations overseas to acquire raw materials, new markets, and strategic military locations.

Scramble for Africa

The rapid division of Africa by European powers during the late 19th century.

Social Darwinism

The belief that stronger races or nations should dominate weaker ones, justifying imperialism.

Meiji Restoration

Japan's rapid industrialization and military expansion in the late 19th century.

World War I

A global conflict (1914–1918) characterized as the first total war.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 peace treaty that ended World War I and imposed harsh penalties on Germany.

The Great Depression

A global economic collapse beginning in 1929 that led to mass unemployment and increased government intervention.

Fascism

An authoritarian political ideology characterized by strong leadership, nationalism, and militarism.

Nazi Ideology

A belief system centered on racial hierarchy, anti-Semitism, and the quest for territorial expansion.

The Holocaust

The systematic genocide carried out by Nazi Germany targeting Jews, Roma, political opponents, and other groups.

Industrialization Theme

The transformation marked by the emergence of factories and machines leading to urbanization from the late 18th to 19th centuries.

Imperialism Theme

Colonial expansion and global competition that characterized the late 19th to early 20th centuries.

Nationalism Theme

The rise of ethnic identity and independence movements during the 19th to 20th centuries.

Social Reform Theme

Labor movements and political reforms that emerged in the 19th to early 20th centuries.

Global War Theme

The significant global conflicts represented by World War I and World War II in the early to mid-20th century.