Monarchical Government under Charles I-Pack 7

Impeachment

A process where government advisors of officials could be accused of crimes this case by the House of commons and tried by the House of lords

Charles I problems when he inherited in 1625:Diversity of the realm

He had 3 separate kingdoms these kingdoms each had separate diverse cultural and religious identities meant what one like the other disliked

Charles I problems when he inherited in 1625:Diplomatic relations

James I had been at War with Spain from 1618 nand were fighting in German territory

1625-28 Problems and Instability: Economic

Inherited an empty treasury and poor crown-wanted a loan
Was not given the right to tax so made a forced loan of all tax payers and imprisoned or drafted any refusers

1625-28 Problems and Instability:Political

Was seen as a right to be granted Tonnage and Poundage tax but was not granted this parliament also wanted the removal of buckingham

1629-40 Problems and Instability:Religous

The promotion of the Armenian church was seen as devilish Charles removed many Puritan ministers from the Church and then appointed Laud as the archbishop of Canterbury where he and Charles introduced an Armenian book of prayer in 1637 with more catholic ideology-this then led to the Bishop Wars which was between the Royal army and the bishops

1629-40 Problems and Instability:Economic

The annual Levy of ship money was moved from people living by the coast to everyone/People felt he had just made this up and plucked it out of thin air
Charles was also involved in the bishop wars where he was defeated and had to pay the Scottish army £850 a day in order for them to leave Newcastle

1629-40 Problems and Instability:Political

Charles was at war with France and Spain and so had no choice but to seek further subsidies-many saw Charles as seeking an absolute monarchy Then the period of personal rule begins where Charles did not call Parliament for 11 years he ended the war with spain and then ran out of money again so was forced to call parliament again to seek more funds but they were angry with him

1640-1646 Problems and Instability:Religous

There was a massacre in Northern Ireland by Catholic of protestants rumored 200,000 but a few thousands
Many people began to question their safety also due to the kings Catholic wife setting panic and unrest in london

1640-1646 Problems and Instability:Economic

Charles was forbidden to raise tax

1640-1646 Problems and Instability:Political

Parliament began removing 'evil councilers' Lord Stafford ( later beheaded) , and Laud were arrested
Pym wanted to impeach the queen then in 1642 Charles took 300 soldier to arrest him however Pym had heard and left paliament leaving Charles looking foolish
Within the month Charles left to oxford to rally his banners and in 1642 both sides were preparing for war

Divine right

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Prerogative

Powers held which are without restraint by others s

King in Parliament

The powers of the monarch to make laws through the assistance and approval of parliament only

Absolute monarchy

A system of government in which the monarch holds unrestricted power over the state and people

Charles I problems when he inherited in 1625:Socio economic developments

Rising population meant more pressure on resources the ruling elite feared breakdown of law and order-growing economic dominance of the Gentry and emergent Merchant and Professional classes

Charles I problems when he inherited in 1625:Religion

The Protestant change led to increased belief in individual relationship with God influencing attitudes to religious and political hierarchy

Charles I problems when he inherited in 1625:Political power

James I and Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings this King in Parliament system did not match with Charles I and James I belief and their growing power didnt fit with the kings wishes

Charles I problems when he inherited in 1625:Military and Financial Difficulties

James asked parliament to grant taxes to pay for the war due to the cost of the War and other mismanagement he inherited an empty treasury due to also Elizabeth I keeping taxes low

1625-28 Problems and Instability: Religous

Charles I married a Catholic French-Henrietta Maria who was openly Catholic-Did pilgrimages

Established a court of Catholic advisors and promoted Armenian Clergy which was a catholic leaning form of protestantism

1646-1649: The Search for Settlement and a second civil war-Religous

The Scots wanted a Presbyterian church and so involved in the civil war in 1648 Charles signed engagement with the scots and promised to establish the Presbyterian church in England for 3 years to ge their military assisatnce in 1648 Charles refused to abolish bishops for more than 3 years

1646-1649: The Search for Settlement and a second civil war:Economic

Putney debated 1647 the Leveller in the New Model army wanted areas of pay but parliament dispanded them without pay leading to tension within the army

1646-1649: The Search for Settlement and a second civil war:Political

almost everyone wanted to reach a settlement with Charles (scottish proposals) least radical
many werent ready to kill him due to fearing gods reaction and prides purge then drove out MPs encougaraging negotiations with Charles and the 'Rump' carried out trial and executions of Charles

1625-28 Early Reign-Charles

Believed in the divine right of kings and challenged to king in parliament system-Married Henrietta Maria ( catholic) relied on his adivisors
Pursued unpopular wars with Spain and France
Promoted the Armenian clergy
Dissolved parliament
Forced loans -collection of tonnage and poundage without parliaments consent
Ignored Parliament Petition of Rights

1625-28 Early Reign-Advisors

Buckingham was judged poorly for his government policy-the poorly judged mansfield campaign and failed naval expedition to Cadiz under Buckinghams
-William Laud made bishop of London which was unpopular with many due to Armenian belief especially puritan Mps

1625-28 Early Reign-Opponents

Parliament refused to grant tonnage and poundage for life wanting regular parliaments
parliament wanted to impeach Duke of Buckingham
Petition of right

1629-1640 Personal Rule-Charles

Personal rule until 1640
Fundraising methods (ship money)
Growth of Armenianism,ejection of Puritan preachers
Catholic influence at court
Lack of understanding of his kingdoms-failure to work with Scottish privy council
-Use of prerogative courts (own rule without parliamentary consultation)
Failed cooperation with short parliament so dissolved after only 3 weeks

1629-1640 Personal Rule-Advisors

Laud:Pushed through highly unpopular religious reforms changing appearance and forms of religious worship

Wentworth: Enforced reforms in the North of England

1629-1640 Personal Rule-Opponents

Scottish opposition: Resistance to Church reform in Scotland-riots and disorder in 1638 raised an army to defend Kirk and charged £850pd to English

Puritan gentry and nobility of former Mps: Puritan Mps-John Pym and Earl of Warwick opposed Charles approach to gov

Taxpayers strike in (1639-1640)

Short parliament petitions against personal rule

1640-1649 Deterioration of Relations and First Civil war-Charles

Charles ignored the 10 propositions leaving for Scotland
Failed to respond to rumours of Irish Catholic massacre of Protestants remaining in Scotland to deal with presbyterians
Jan 1642 orderd HOL to impeach opposition leaders arrived at HOC to arrest 5 leading Mps inc PYM
Declared war by raising his standard at Nottingham

1640-1649 Deterioration of Relations and First Civil war-Advisors

Impeachment of Wentworth and Laud by the Long parliament

1640-1649 Deterioration of Relations and First Civil war-Opponents

Parliaments Pyms Junto-Organised opposition in Long parliament arresting impeachments of Laud and Strafford
Passed 2 acts against dissolution of Parliament without its own consent-Triennial Act Feb 1641
Steps to forbid Charles from raising money outside parliament
Rumours that pym planned to impeach the queen

1646-1649 The search for a settlement and second civil war-Charles

When defeated at end of 1st civil War Charles was surrendered to the Scots rather than the Parliament rejected negotiation as he felt divenly chosen
Signed secret engagement with the Scots making them promises if they would switch sides split the opposition and caused great anger in parliament

1640-1649 Deterioration of Relations and First Civil war-Opponents

Scots-Defeated Charles and held him at Newcastle whilst they made proposals then handed him over to the English
Parliament-Presented Newcastle's oppositions to the King when igored held no more negotiations and went to war against (2nd civil war)
The Army-Levellers argue to the universal male suffrage army drove the final action to push through trial for execution
-Presented proposal to Charles called-heads of proposals and proposed the agreement of the people