Joints and Muscles for DIVAS (vocabulary) - Anatomy and Physiology Lab

fibrous

joints that are NOT MOVABLE

ex. skull sutures

cartilaginous

joints that allow slight movement, connected by cartilage

ex. intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

synovial - ball and socket

a type of synovial joint that allows for rotational movement in multiple directions.

ex. shoulder and hip joints

synovial - condyloid

a type of synovial joint that permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion, extension, and limited rotation.

ex. wrist

synovial - plane

a type of synovial joint that allows gliding movements between flat surfaces, enabling limited movement in multiple directions.

ex. tarsals

(idk i just work here)

synovial - hinge

a type of synovial joint that allows movement predominantly in one plane.

ex. jaw

synovial - pivot

a type of synovial joint that allows rotation around a single axis, enabling movement such as turning your head.

ex. atlas and axis

synovial - saddle

a type of synovial joint that allows movements in multiple directions, resembling a rider sitting in a saddle.

ex. thumb

tendon

attaches muscle to bone

ligament

attaches bone to bone

articular cartilage

tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints

deep

farther from the body surface

superficial

closer to the body surface

origin

the attachment point of a muscle that doesn’t really move during contraction

insertion

the attachment point of a muscle that moves the most during contraction

action

the movement produced when a muscle contracts, defining the function of the muscle

flexion

the bending movement that decreases the angle between two body parts (<90°)

extension

the straightening movement that increases the angle between two body parts (>90°)

adduction

the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

(add to the body)

medial

abduction

the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

lateral

aponeurosis

a huge sheet of tendon (facia) that can provide a muscle insertion and/or protection