ESF Dendro Test 2

Salix nigra

intolerant, fast-growing, short-lived pioneer of floodplains, maturing at young agereproduces by seed, which are short-lived, in early summer AND broken plant parts that readily root inmoist soil of floodplains

Salix nigra

shallow rooted (a wetland tree), therefore rather moisture demanding

Salix nigra

shrubby on dry sites but very large on deep, moist to wet soils; largest native in genus (most are shrubspecies)

Salix nigra

wood soft, light, and non-durable - only commercially important species in genus

Salix nigra

hybrids of willow species are grown in plantations for pulp and biomass production

Populus deltoides

intolerant, fast-growing, short-lived pioneer of floodplains, maturing at young agereproduces by seed, which are short-lived, in early summer AND broken plant parts that readily root inmoist soil of floodplains

Populus deltoides

fastest growing tree in North America?

Populus deltoides

attains large size (diameter and height), one of tallest hardwoods in North America

Populus deltoides

wood used for bexes, furniture (core stock), plywood and pulp

Populus deltoides

because of size and geographical distribution, the state tree of Kansas and Nebraska

Populus deltoides

this species and its hybrids are grown in plantations for pulp and biomass production

Juglans nigra

fast growing, intolerant pioneer on deep, rich, moist but well drained soils; only moderately long-lived toabout 200+ years

Juglans nigra

most valuable hardwood in North America; wood is strong, durable, dark brown and used for trophies,gun stocks, fine furniture, veneer

Juglans nigra

fruit is delicious (stronger flavor than more commonly available English variety - Juglans regia)

Juglans nigra

often grown in plantations to produce sawlogs in as little as 40 years (vs. 80+)

Juglans nigra

famous for producing "juglone", an alleochemic that supposedly damages plants in the Solanaceae (e.g.,tomatoes), Pinaceae, and species in other families

Juglans nigra

thousand cankers disease (caused by an insect and fungal pathogen) is threatening species

Juglans cinerea

also known as white walnut (referring to ashy-white bark, the meaning of "cinerea"

Juglans cinerea

ecologically similar to black walnut (intolerant) except occurs on much wider range of site conditionsincluding wetter and drier, and generally shorter lived, even if not diseased

Juglans cinerea

more commonly encountered in NYS although canker disease has greatly reduced its abundance

Juglans cinerea

wood similar to black walnut but softer and lighter in color

Juglans cinerea

fruit is delicious - much oilier, buttery, compared to black walnut

Juglans cinerea

allelopathic, like black walnut

Carya ovata

moderately shade tolerant, probably lives longer than generally assumed max longevity of about 300years

Carya ovata

can persist in understory for a long time but needs canopy gap to grow into maturity

Carya ovata

although best growth in on bottomland soils (along streams) it is an aggressive pioneer on xeric sitesbecause of deep taproot

Carya ovata

one of fastest growing hickories but still relatively slow growing

Carya ovata

nut important for wildlife, delicious for people; wood hard, used for tool handles and excellent forsmoking food

Carya cordiformis

is a "pecan hickory" (Apocarya), a section of Carya that has fruit that are winged along fruit sutures andvalvate (vs. imbricate) buds

Carya cordiformis

moderately shade tolerant

Carya cordiformis

the most abundant and uniformly distributed hickory, occurring on a wide ranges of sites but thriving onmoist but well drained soils

Carya cordiformis

wood an important source of lumber, pulp, and firewood

Carya cordiformis

fruit is bitter

Ostrya virginiana

shade tolerant, slow-growing, subcanopy species especially on drier, rocky sites

Ostrya virginiana

wood is very hard, used for specialty items

Ostrya virginiana

often confused with American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), especially when young but Americanhornbeam has a smooth but fluted bark, smaller buds, and usually on sites that are more moist

Quercus alba

of many species in the white oak subgenus, the most important (abundance and value)

Quercus alba

moderately shade tolerant (more so when young, less so with increasing age) and more shade tolerantthan moderately shade tolerant red oaks

Quercus alba

although on a wide ranges of sites best growth is on moist but well-drained soils

Quercus alba

long-lived and fairly slow growing; climax on dry sites but replaced by mesic species on better sites

Quercus alba

wood has many uses including furniture, flooring, cabinets, tight cooperage

Quercus alba

state tree of Connecticut, Illinois, and Maryland

Quercus macrocarpa

moderately shade tolerant, slow-growing, long-lived; pioneer of xeric sites because of substantial and deep taproots

Quercus macrocarpa

corky twigs believed to be an adaptation for fire resistance where it occurs in Midwestern prairies

Quercus macrocarpa

often the only tree in midwestern prairies because of its drought and fire resistance

Quercus macrocarpa

also occurs in forested wetlands

Quercus macrocarpa

wood marketed as "white oak"

Quercus rubra

of the many species in the red oak subgenus, the most important (abundance and value)

Quercus rubra

moderately shade tolerant, relatively (for oaks) fast growing, more site sensitive than other oaks herehaving best growth on lower slopes with moist but well-drained, fertile soils

Quercus rubra

like all species in the red oak subgenus, lives only about half as long as species in the white oak subgenus

Quercus rubra

wood highly valued for furniture, flooring; ease of transplanting, nice fall color and form make it apopular landscape tree (as long as site isn't subjected to urban stresses like salinity)

Quercus rubra

state tree of New Jersey an provincial tree of Prince Edward Island

Quercus velutina

moderately shade tolerant to intolerant, moderately long-lived

Quercus velutina

often mixed with many other tree species on a wide range of sites but can dominant dry, sandy sites androcky ridges because of deep taproot

Quercus velutina

often with crooked bole, especially on drier sites, affecting its form and use

Quercus velutina

readily hybridizes with other species in the red oak subgenus

Quercus velutina

repeated gypsy moth defoliation can kill tree, oak wilt emerging as potentially serious problem

Quercus palustris

intolerant, fast growing, pioneer on wet sites ("palustris" means swampy)

Quercus palustris

common in Midwestern wetlands on clay soils that are flooded in the late winter to spring and dry later ingrowing season

Quercus palustris

shallow root system typical of wetland tree species makes it easy to transplant; one of most commonstreet trees of the Midwest (nice form, fall color)

Quercus palustris

commonly develops iron chlorosis on higher pH soils like those in central New York

Quercus palustris

wood is knotty (due to abundance of persistent, lower branches) so not as valuable as lumber but animportant food (acorns) for waterfowl and other wildlife species

Ulmus americana

moderately shade tolerant, fast growing, once long-lived (prior to two lethal diseases)

Ulmus americana

once common in wetlands, especially on floodplains and upland depressions; common as an urban weedwhere cutting it results in numerous basal sprouts

Ulmus americana

produces seeds at early age, so still somewhat common throughout the landscape but typically not verylarge

Ulmus americana

Dutch elm disease (DED; caused by a fungus) and elm yellows (caused by a phytoplasma) kill Americanelm, limiting its age and size in most places

Ulmus americana

some horticultural selections are resistant to DED but not elm yellows

Ulmus americana

once the most commonly planted street tree in North America and elsewhere because of its large statureof arching branches

Ulmus americana

state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota

Celtis occidentalis

moderate in shade tolerance, growth rate, and longevity and tolerating wide range of soils from wet todry, and everything in between; often on calcareous soils derived from limestone

Celtis occidentalis

wood used for paneling, furniture, boxes and plywood; tree planted in landscape but having limitedornamental appeal

Magnolia acuminata

moderately tolerant, fast-growing pioneer in central and southern Appalachians; best growth on cove soilsthat are moist but well-drained, fertile

Magnolia acuminata

argest and most cold hardy of native magnolias, many species multistemmed, subcanopy trees

Magnolia acuminata

wood similar to and sold as yellow-poplar

Liriodendron tulipifera

intolerant, fast-growing pioneer of disturbed sites that are moist, well drained; best growth on cove soilsthat are moist but well-drained, fertile

Liriodendron tulipifera

dominates after disturbance (especially clearcutting or abandonment of agriculture) from numerous,widely dispersed and long-lived seeds in soil seedbank; because of its large size, can create its owngap for regeneration

Liriodendron tulipifera

although seeds produced in significant numbers, seed viability is typically low

Liriodendron tulipifera

a valuable timber species; although various common names refer to "poplar" it is not related to Populusbut has relatively soft wood and brittle branches like those of Populus species

Liriodendron tulipifera

state tree of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee

Sassafras albidum

intolerant if seed origin, moderately tolerant if from root suckers; a large tree if seed origin, a contortedthicket of stems if from root suckers

Sassafras albidum

produces dense thickets from root suckers, especially along forest edges and fence rows

Sassafras albidum

stature and longevity also varies with its geographical range with larger and older trees in Midwest and South

Sassafras albidum

aromatic and durable wood; dried leaves used to thicken gumbo ("file"), dried root bark used to make tea;historically, various plant parts made into many products

Sassafras albidum

occurs on wide range of sites but especially common on old fields and moist woods

Prunus serotina

moderately shade tolerant, fast growing, moderately long lived gap species on mesic sites; responds todisturbance in canopy and if cut by extensive basal sprouting

Prunus serotina

long-lived (decades) seeds produce substantial seed bank that germinates following canopy and soildisturbance

Prunus serotina

largest of native Prunus species and most important for timber

Prunus serotina

wilted foliage fatal to livestock

Prunus serotina

wood is highly valued for its color, strength, figuring; veneer especially valuable

Prunus serotina

although geographical range is relatively huge, the most commercially valuable wood comes from Alleghenies in southwestern New York and northwestern Pennsylvania

Platanus occidentalis

moderately tolerant to intolerant, long-lived pioneer on floodplains and any moist substrate in adequatelight

Platanus occidentalis

one of tallest and largest of all hardwoods in the U.S.

Platanus occidentalis

a prolific basal sprouter

Platanus occidentalis

wood used for lumber, veneer, and pulp; windshakes can reduce wood value

Platanus occidentalis

trees often grown in plantations for biomass production

Platanus occidentalis

planted as ornamental but too large for most street plantings and susceptible to anthracnose (fungaldisease) which can kill some individuals; London planetree (P. xacerfolia = P. occidentalis x P.orientalis) not damaged by anthracnose and often planted instead

Gleditsia triacanthos

intolerant, fast-growing, moderately long lived pioneer on wide range of sites including floodplains, oldfields, limestone barrens

Gleditsia triacanthos

one of most commonly planted landscape trees, including city scapes, because of its drought, heat,salinity and other tolerances; most individuals are cultivars that are thornless (i.e., var. inermis) andmale (to avoid large legume), and often with interesting foliage

Gleditsia triacanthos

produces root suckers (that will have prolific thorns)

Gleditsia triacanthos

although a legume, not a nitrogen-fixer