Abnormal Behavior Allender

abnormal behavior

behavior that is potentially a psychology problem

deviant

refers to behavior that is different from what is socially acceptable; causes the person distress

harmful dysfunction

combination of deviance and distress that threatens to impair normal life function

maladaptive behavior

behavior that disables one's ability to adapt to new situations (ex: agoraphobia)

F (false - this is neuroticism)

(T/F) psychoticism refers to mental distress that doesn't prevent rational thought, and includes most dude anxiety disorders

b (imprisoned in asylums)

how were patients exhibiting abnormal behavior trated in ancient times?

a. rehabilitated in hospitals

b. imprisoned in asylums

c. killed on the streets

d. kept at home

Philippe Pinel, Dorothy Dix

two reformers that moved mental health treatment away from demonic symbolism and imprisonment to humane treatment

d (a & b)

what led to the move from asylums to hospitals in 1900s?

a. discovery that syphilis infects the brain

b. reform efforts for humane treatment

c. improved medical technology

d. a & b

b (hospitals were deinstitutionalized)

what was major reform in mental health treatment occurred in the 1950s?

a. hospitals replaced asylums

b. hospitals were deinstitutionalized

c. asylums received better sanitation standards

d. medical technologies improved

medical model of psychology

modern approach to mental health treatment that includes the diagnosis, treatment and (often) cure of disorders through therapy

diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-V)

most commonly used manual of diagnosis/treatment for mental disorders

a (axis I)

which of the five axes of clinical questioning assesses whether a clinical syndrome is present?

a. axis I

b. axis II

c. axis III

d. axis IV

e. axis V

b (axis II)

which of the five axes of clinical questioning assesses whether a personality disorder or cognitive disability is present?

a. axis I

b. axis II

c. axis III

d. axis IV

e. axis V

c (axis III)

which of the five axes of clinical questioning assesses whether a general medical condition (ex: diabetes, hypertension) is present?

a. axis I

b. axis II

c. axis III

d. axis IV

e. axis V

d (axis IV)

which of the five axes of clinical questioning assesses whether psychosocial or environmental issues are present?

a. axis I

b. axis II

c. axis III

d. axis IV

e. axis V

e (axis V)

which of the five axes of clinical questioning provides a global assessment of the patient's function?

a. axis I

b. axis II

c. axis III

d. axis IV

e. axis V

c (misinformation in the manual)

which of the following is NOT an issue identified with using the DSM-V?

a. potential overdiagnosis

b. labels/stigma

c. misinformation in the manual

d. potential misdiagnosis

David Rosenhan

psychologist who performed a study testing whether hospitals misdiagnose certain disorders

mental illness

refers to clinical symptoms of any disorder that require psychological treatment

insanity

psychotic break from reality; sometimes used as a legal defense to prove that the defendant was not capable of willfully committing a crime

Daniel M'Naghten

first case of the insanity plea, in which a man who assassinated the British prime minister's assistant was found not guilty

legally insane

verdict in which the defendant receives psychological treatment and is released when deemed mentally competent

guilty but mentally ill

verdict in which the defendant receives psychological treatment but must also serve jail time and be held responsible for their crime

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

generalized anxiety disorder

anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

panic disorder

anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations (panic attack)

phobia

anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation (ex: spiders, closed spaces)

agoraphobia

fear of inescapable situations; often develops as a coping mechanism for panic attacks

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted, repetitive thoughts and/or actions that impair effective functioning

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpiness and/or insomnia that lingers for 4+ weeks after a traumatic experience

c (OCD)

which of the following anxiety disorders does the psychoanalytic perspective NOT attempt to explain?

a. PTSD

b. generalized anxiety disorder

c. OCD

d. panic disorder

d (superego)

according to Freud, anxiety occurs when the _ isn't controlled

a. unconscious

b. ego

c. id

d. superego

a (PTSD)

which of the following anxiety disorders does the behavioral perspective NOT attempt to explain?

a. PTSD

b. phobias

c. panic disorder

d. OCD

generalization (conditioning)

tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli; can occur with fear, increasing anxiety/phobias

negative reinforcement (phobias)

occurs when fear-triggering stimuli are avoided, thereby removing anxiety and reinforcing phobic behavior

extinction

disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced; allows for treatment of phobias and OCD

Albert Bandura

behavioral psychologist who argued that we may learn fears by modeling the behaviors of our parents

biological preparedness

evolved, inherent fear to dangerous objects/situations (ex: heights, spiders, etc.)

glutamate, GABA, serotonin

three neurotransmitters whose imbalanced concentrations may lead to anxiety

anterior cingulate cortex

part of the frontal lobe that facilitates/tracks cognitive, physiological and emotional function; overactive in people with OCD

c (overactive anterior cingulate cortex)

which of the following explanations of anxiety disorders is NOT part of the cognitive perspective?

a. negative/irrational/unrealistic thoughts

b. maladaptive thoughts

c. overactive anterior cingulate cortex

d. negative/pessimistic explanatory style

somatoform disorders

psychological disorders in which symptoms take a bodily form without any apparent physical cause

conversion disorder

rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences specific and genuine physical symptoms for which there is no physiological basis; conversion of psychological problems into physical problems