Physics Exam Preparation - Flashcards

This set of flashcards is designed to aid in the study of key concepts and vocabulary necessary for a physics exam, focusing on mechanics, fluid dynamics, and motion.

Stability

The condition of an object being in equilibrium or resistance to tipping over.

Class 3 Lever

A lever where the effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum.

Class 2 Lever

A lever where the load is between the effort and the fulcrum.

Fulcrum

The fixed point about which a lever rotates.

Momentum

The quantity of motion an object has, dependent on its mass and velocity.

Displacement

The shortest distance from the initial to final position, with a defined direction.

Force

A push or pull exerted on a body to change its state of motion.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms.

Weight

The force exerted on an object due to gravity.

Torque

The tendency of a force to produce rotation about an axis.

Velocity

The rate of change of displacement with respect to time.

Static Equilibrium

A state where the sum of forces and torques acting on a body is zero.

Gravity

The natural attraction between physical bodies, notably towards Earth.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Friction

The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

Work

The product of force and the distance through which the force acts.

Speed

The magnitude of velocity, a scalar quantity.

Vector Quantity

A quantity having both magnitude and direction.

Scalar Quantity

A quantity having only magnitude and no direction.

Young's Modulus

A measure of the stiffness of a solid material defined as the ratio of stress to strain.

Viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow and deformation.

Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object.

Laminar Flow

Fluid flow in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers.

Turbulent Flow

Fluid flow characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and velocity.

Centrifugal Force

An apparent force experienced by an object moving in a circular path directed away from the center of rotation.

Reynold's Number

A dimensionless number used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.

Cardiac Circulatory Pathway

The route blood takes through the heart and body, including arteries and veins.

Systolic Pressure

The pressure of blood in the arteries during contraction of the heart.

Diastolic Pressure

The pressure of blood in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Pascal's Principle

A principle stating that pressure change applied to an incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished through the fluid.

Surface Tension

The cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave like an elastic sheet.

Frictional Force

The force that resists the sliding of two surfaces in contact.

Class of Motion

A category that describes the type of motion an object undergoes, such as translational or rotational.

Complex Motion

Motion that involves multiple components or types of motion occurring simultaneously.

Elasticity

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after the force is removed.

Strain

The deformation of material in response to stress.

Stress

Force per unit area applied to a material, causing deformation.

Archimedes' Principle

A principle stating that an object submerged in fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

Blood Vessel Types

Arteries (carry blood away from the heart), veins (carry blood back to the heart), and capillaries.

Normal Force

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface against an object in contact with it.

Angle of Elevation

The angle between the horizontal plane and the line of sight to an object above the horizontal.

Impulse

Change in momentum resulting from a force applied over time.

Cohesion

The attractive force between molecules of the same substance.

Adhesion

The attractive force between molecules of different substances.

Stability

The ability of a system to return to its original position after a disturbance.

Tilt Angle

The angle formed between the vertical line and the tilted object.

Tension

The forces exerted by a rope or cable when it is pulled taut.