Anatomy/Phys. Mod 1+2

look at pictures for more info/description

Anatomy

focuses on the physical structure and organization of living things

Physiology

focuses on the functions and processes carried out by living things

Levels of organization(largest to smallest)

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cells, chemical/molecule(atoms)

Anatomical Position (Surface position)

hands at side

palms forward

feet together

Supine

face up

Prone

face down

frontal plane

perpendicular to the ground and divides the body into dorsal (posterior or back) and ventral (anterior or front) portions.

Sagittal plane

vertical plane that passes through the body longitudinally(vertically). It divides the body into a left section and a right section.

transverse plane

also known as an axial plane or cross-section → divides the body into cranial (head) and caudal (tail) portions

ventral

toward the front (in humans only) or belly

dorsal

toward the back or spine

anterior

front side of the body

posterior

the back of a structure, or a structure found toward the back of the body.

cephalic

head or the head end of the body (Cephalic is synonymous with cranial)

rostral

something situated toward the oral or nasal region, or in the case of the brain, toward the tip of the frontal lobe.

caudal

towards the tail or away from the head-end of the body.

superior

above/to the top or towards the head-end of the body

inferior

below/towards the bottom or away from the head-end of the body.

medial

toward the median plane/towards middle

lateral

to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body

proximal

closer to the point of attachment or origin

distal

further from the point of attachment or origin

ipsilateral

(IP-sih-LA-teh-rul) On the same side of the body as another structure or a given point.

contralateral

occurring on, affecting, or acting in conjunction with a part on the opposite side of the body.

superficial

surface/closer to surface

deep

further from surface/deeper

forehead

its your forehead. i hope you know what that is.

eye

its your eye. i hope you know what that is.

cheek

its your cheek. i hope you know what that is.

ear

its your ear. i hope you know what that is.

nasus

nose

cervis

neck

thoracis

chest

mamma

breast

abdomen

in-between your navel/bellybutton and breast/chest area

umbilicis

navel/bellybutton

pelvis

slightly lower than your navel/bellybutton

manus

hand

groin

picture

pubis

private part area (picture)

thigh

thigh (femoral to describe)

pes

foot

hallux

big toe

digits

toes

tarsus

ankle

leg

leg (crural to describe)

patella

kneecap

palm

yk what palm is.

pollex

thumb

carpus

wrist

antebrachium

forearm

antecubitis

front of elbow

brachium

arm, specifically the upper arm from shoulder to elbow.

axilla

armpit

mentis

chin

oris

mouth

cephalon

head

cranium

skull

face

face

planta

sole of foot

calcaneus

heel of foot

calf

calf

popliteus

back of knee

gluteus

buttock

loin

portion of the body below the rib cage and just above the pelvis.

olecranon

back of elbow

dorsum

back

shoulder

shoulder (acromial when describing)

Body Cavities (functions - 2)

Protect delicate organs

Permit change in size and shape w/o damage to nearby organs

Ventral cavities

visceral organs

cavities: Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic

visceral organs

soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, reproductive, and circulatory systems.

Dorsal cavities

contain your nervous system.

cavities: Cranial, Spinal

Name/label cavities in the left lateral view

thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic, cranial, vertebral

Name/label cavities in the anterior view

diaphragm, pelvic, abdominopelvic, abdominal, thoracic cavity: pericardial, mediastintum, pleural

cavities in the thoracic cavity

pericardial, mediastintum, pleural

viscera & lining of the cranial cavity

viscera: brain

lining: meninges

viscera & lining of the vertebral cavity

viscera: spinal cord

lining: meninges

viscera & lining of the thoracic (pleural) cavity

viscera: lungs

lining: plurae

viscera & lining of the thoracic (pericardial) cavity

viscera: heart

lining: pericardium

viscera & lining of the abdominopelvic (pelvic) cavity

viscera: bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

lining: peritoneum

viscera & lining of the abdominopelvic (abdominal) cavity

viscera: digestive organs, spleen, kidney

lining: peritoneum