Chapter 5 Vocab - (The Early Republic)

Tecumseh

Shawnee warrior from the Ohio River valley who spearheaded a spiritual and military resistance movement among American Indians in the early 1800s. Organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homeland. Actively resisted the US, fighting in battles, rejecting treaties, and traveling widely to convince American Indian groups that they were all one people.

Francis Scott Key

American lawyer and amateur poet who is best known as the author of "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was inspired by the bombardment of Fort McHenry and became the US national anthem in 1931.

Battle of Tippecanoe

An 1811 battle in the Indiana Territory between American Indians and United States troops in which the American Indians were defeated. Tecumseh's brother fought against Harrison and was defeated.

"The Star-Spangled Banner"

A poem written by Francis Scott Key in 1814 that became the national anthem in 1931.

War Hawks

people who sought out war for the United States.

Battle of New Orleans

War of 1812 battle when the US defeated the British in January of 1815

War of 1812

a war between the United States and Britain over land disputes in the United States and Canada. It ended in a draw but felt like an American victory which boosted nationalism.

Treaty of Ghent

an 1814 agreement that ended the War of 1812.

Andrew Jackson

(1767-1845)An American military officer before serving in the US House of Representatives and Senate, and finally as the seventh US President from 1829 to 1837. As a general in the US Army during the War of 1812, Jackson successfully defeated New Orleans. As president, he vetoed the renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States, opposed the nullification issue in South Carolina, and initiated the spoils system.

Hartford Convention

a gathering where a group of federalists assembled to discuss whether or not to succeed from the United States and form peace with Britain separately.

Nationalism

a nation wide feeling of unity and identity with one's nation

Adams-Onis Treaty

an 1819 treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the US.

Henry Clay

(1777-1852) An American politician who was elected to the US House of Representatives and the US Senate from the state of Kentucky. Was a leading proponent of economic nationalism, promoting federal support of internal improvements, a protective tariff, and a national bank. In 1820, he helped craft the Missouri Compromise to try to balance the rights of free and slave states. Was a war hawk.

Monroe Doctrine

a foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.

American System

Henry Clay's federal program designed to stimulate the economy with internal improvements and create a self-sufficient nation

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banning slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36° 30' N latitude.

John Quincy Adams

(1767-1848) An American colonial lawyer and writer who became one of the foremost thinkers and activists among AMerican patriots. He spoke out against British tax laws and served as a delegate from Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress. He went on to become the first Vice President and the second President of the United States

Turnpike

A road that requires users to pay a toll.

Samuel F.B. Morse

(1791-1872) Originally an art student who developed the idea of the electric telegraph. By 1838, he had developed the system of dots and dashed that become known throughout the world as the Morse Code. Later in life, he became a prominent philanthropist, donating to charities and helping to establish Vassar College.

National Road

A road built by the federal government in the early 1800s that extended from Maryland to Illinois.

Tariff of 1816

a tariff on imports designed to protect American industry

Erie Canal

(completed 1825) New York state canal that linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It dramatically lowered shipping costs, fueling an economic boom in upstate New York and increasing the profitability of farming in the Old Northwest.

Capital

the money needed to build factories or other productive assets.

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. It also changed the economy, culture, social life, and politics of the nation.

Labor Union

groups of workers who unite to seek better pay and working conditions.

Samuel Slater

built the nation's first water powered textile mill in 1793 at Pawtucket, Rhode Island using his knowledge from Britain

Nativist

campaigned for laws to discourage immigration or to deny political rights to newcomers

Francis Cabot Lowell

American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill

Cotton Gin

a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber and reduced the cost and time to do so

"Lowell girls"

name given to women who worked in Lowell textile mills

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Interchangeable parts

certain pieces of different machines were all made to be exactly the same so that a part from one machine could be used without error on another machine of the same design.

Caucus

closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

Martin Van Buren

a supporter of Jackson who worked behind the scenes to further build up Jackson's supporters

Tariff of Abominations

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South made to embarrass President Adams.

Jacksonian Democracy

the idea that the common people should control the government

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Spoils system

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

Nullification

The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution.

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to Oklahoma

Whigs

nationalists who wanted a strong federal government to manage the economy