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Plain Flaps
the effect of these flaps is minimal, and they are seldom found in modern airplanes
Split Flaps
lift change is similar to that of a plain flap, but it produces much more drag at low lift coefficient
Fowler Flaps
the design of this wing flap not only changes the camber of the wing, but it also increases the wing area
Stall strips
Ensure that the wing root stalls first before the wing tip
Winglets
wing tips that allow for drag reduction and better airflow control
Wing Fence
a wing tip that stop or reduce span wise flow
T-tail
the stabilizer is moved away from the disturbed airflow of the wing, rudder effectiveness is improved because of the cap on its end.
Deep stall
the airflow over the horizontal tail, is blanketed by, or in the shadow of, the disturbed airflow from the wing
Angle of Incidence
angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the airplane
Washing in
increasing the angle of incidence
Washing out
decreasing the angle of incidence
Fuselage stations
are numbered in inches from a reference or zero point known as the reference datum to a location in the fuselage
Buttock line
A vertical reference plane down the center of the aircraft from which measurements left or right can be made
Water line
measurement of height in inches perpendicular from a horizontal plane usually located at the ground, cabin floor, or some other easily referenced location
Aileron station
measured outboard from, and parallel to, the inboard edge of the aileron, perpendicular to a designated water line
Flap station
measured perpendicular to the rear beam of the wing and perpendicular to a designated water line
Cable system
available in both corrosion-resistant steel and carbon-steel that is used in the primary flight control system
Non-flexible cable
may be either 1x7 or 1x19 type that is used only for straight runs where the cable does not pass over any pulleys
Flexible cable
made up of seven strands, each of which has seven wires that are used only for straight runs where the pulleys are large
Extra Flexible Cable
made up of seven strands, each having 19 separate wires
Termination
connection of the wire
Woven splice
also called as Army-Navy five-tuck Splice or Roebling Roll. It is time consuming and produced a termination that was certificated for only 75% of the cable strength
Nicopress Process
Copper Nicopress sleeves may be compressed onto the cable with a special tool
Stagger
the longitudinal offset of two wings relative to each other
Decalage
difference in the angle of incidence of the two wings of a biplane
Cabane struts
the struts between the center section and the fuselage of a biplane
Cabane/Stagger Wires
runs between the rear and forward cabane struts to adjust the fore-and-aft position of the center section of a biplane
Roll/Transverse Wires
ties the bane struts and the center section to the fuselage laterally in a biplane
Landing Wires
supports the lower wing of the biplane from the center section bracing the wings against loads imposed by landing
Flying Wires
Attaches to the fuselage at the lower wing root and to the outboard portion of the upper wing are the __________, opposing loads of flight
Interplane Struts
usually made of streamlined steel tubing in the form of the letter N, are placed between the upper and lower wing out near the tip
Gyroplane
has no power to the main rotor except, in some cases, to start it spinning
Fully Articulated System
each rotor blade is attached to the rotor hub through a series of hinges, allowing the blade to move independently of the others
Flapping hinge
allows the blade to move up and down
Lead-lag/Drag Hinge
allows the blade to move back and forth
Semirigid Rotor System
uses two blades rigidly mounted to the main rotor hub
Teetering hinge
allows the blades to flap together as a unit, as one blade flaps up, the other flaps down
Rigid Rotor System
the blades, hub, and mast are rigid with respect to each other
Coning
upward bending of the blade due to lift and centrifugal force
Rigidity in Space
an inertial force that causes an object to tend to remain rigid, and it will resist any force that tries to move it
Precession
resultant action or deflection of a spinning object when a force is applied to it. This action occurs approximately 90 degrees in the direction of rotation from the point where the force is applied
Coriolis Effect
the distance between the center of mass and the axis of rotation, times the rotational velocity of the mass, will try to remain constant
Translating Tendency
A single main rotor helicopter tends to drift opposite to the opposite to the direction of anti-torque rotor thrust
Ground Effect
usually occurs less than one rotor diameter above the surface. It restricts the generation of blade tip vortices due to the downward and outward airflow, producing lift from a larger portion of the blade
Dissymmetry of Lift
the advancing blade side of the rotor disc produces more lift than the retreating blade side
Autorotation
the advancing blade side of the main rotor system is being turned by the action of the relative wind rather than engine power
Collective Pitch Control
used for the vertical movement of the rotorcraft that causes all rotor blades to increase or decrease blade pitch angle by the same amount, or collectively
Correlator
a mechanical connection between the collective lever and the engine throttle
Throttle Control
regulates the engine RPM in a helicopter
Cyclic Pitch Control
used for roll and pitch movements that tilt the main rotor disc by tilting the swash plate assembly, thus changing the pitch angle of the rotor blades in their cycle of rotation
Note
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