Pathophysiology Term Quiz 1 Ch.1-3

asymptomatic

absence of any noticeable symptoms, even if lab work or diagnostic tests indicate otherwise

chronic

manifestations or illnesses that occur gradually and generally lasts 6 + months

homeostasis

dynamic, steady state marked by appropriate regulatory responses in the body

morbidity

negative outcome from a disease; poor quality of life from disease

mortality

state of being subject to death; measurement of number of deaths within a specific population in a specific timeframe

nosocomial

illnesses caused by exposure to healthcare environment

pathophysiology

the physiology of altered health status; functional changes that accompany an injury, syndrome, or disease

active transport

energy-dependent transport of particles across the plasma membrane against a gradient

apoptosis

programmed cell death prompted by a genetic signal to rid body of unwanted cells or ones damaged beyond repair; cell suicide

atrophy

decrease in cell size

Differentiation

process of changing the physical and functional properties of a cell to allow greater specificity and functionality to that cell

endocytosis

transport mechanism involving vesicular enclosure of particles from extracellular environment into cytoplasm

exocytosis

movement of granules or particles out of the cell; fusion of membrane surrounding granule with membrane, followed by rupture and release of contents

facilitated diffusion

passive movement of substances across the cell membrane by mean of a protein carrier; not energy dependent

feedback mechanisms

regulatory mechanism; response of input to a system by generation of output in a given system

hydrophilic

affinity to water; water-loving

hydrophobic

lacking affinity to water; hates water

hyperplasia

increase in number of cells

hypertrophy

increase in cell size

metaplasia

changing of one cell to another

osmosis

movement of water across a concentration gradient; water movement from high concentration to low concentration

compliance

expected expandability of lung tissue and chest wall; ease which lungs expand

diffusion

movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration

dysplasia

actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement and structure

insidious

gradual in onset

ischemia

local response to decrease in blood supply

osmotic pressure

force generated as water moves through membrane by osmosis

phagocytosis

ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria, and damaged components

proliferation

rapid generation of new daughter cells from parent cells

syncope

loss of consciousness; fainting

abscess

pocket of purulent exudate

adhesions

fibrous connections between serous cavities and nearby tissues that do not allow surrounding tissues to move freely

autoimmunity

immune responses directed at an individuals own tissues

contractures

areas of shortening or hardening of muscle tissue leading to loss of elasticity and tissue rigidity

debridement

process of mechanically removing debris, including necrotic tissue, from a wound

degranulation

release of chemical mediators in the form of extracellular granules

deniscence

problem of deficient scar formation where the wound splits or bursts open; often a suture line

dyspepsia

vague epigastric discomfort associated with nausea and heartburn

edema

presence of excessive watery fluid that accumulates in tissues; swelling

erythema

redness caused by increased blood flow to the tissues

exudate

watery fluid with a high protein and leukocyte (WBC) concentration that accumulates at the site of injury

hematemesis

vomiting blood from upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum)

occult

hidden blood in the stool that is not visible with the naked eye

perfusion

passage of blood or other fluid through a vessel into the vascular bed of a tissue to provide oxygen and other nutrients

permeable

membrane that allows liquids or gases to pass through