4.1-4.3 WHAP AMSCO

Cartography

mapmaking

primogeniture laws

laws that gave all of a persons land to his eldest son

Omani-European Rivalry

Competition between the Portuguese and the kingdom of Oman, both early maritime empires

maritime empires

empires based on sea travel

astronomical chart

map of the stars and galaxies

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer responsible for European contact with the Americas (he was sent by the King and Queen of Spain, and he was hoping to reach India

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese king, first European monarch to sponsor seafaring expeditions

Bartholomew Diaz

Portuguese explorer, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) in 1488

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer, sailed around Africa to India in 1498, claimed territory for portugal's empire

Trading post empire

an empire based on small outposts rather than control of large territories

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese explorer, led a voyage in 1519 that circumnavigated the globe (he died during the journey in 1521, but one of his ships made it around the world).

Manilla

Area of the Philippines conquered by Spain, became a commercial center

Galleons

heavily armed Spanish ships

Jacques Cartier

French explorer, claimed part of what is now Canada for France

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer, founded Quebec and New France

Quebec

Early town and trading post in what is now Canada

New France

The name for all French territories in North AMerica ("the french colony in North America")

John Cabot

Italian explorer sent by England to the Americas in search of a northwest passage to the Pacific Ocean.

Jamestown

First permanent British settlement in the Americas (in what is now the state of Virginia)

Henry Hudson

Dutch explorer sent to the east coast of North America

New Amsterdam

Dutch colony on the island of manhattan (today it is New York city)

Columbian exchange

Links between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres (foods, animals, diseases, etc.)

conquistadors

Spanish soldiers, such as Pizarro and Cortes, who conquered indigenous empires in the Americas

smallpox

very contagious viral disease, common in Europe and non existent in the Americas before the arrival of Spanish Explorers

horse

domesticated animal from Europe that transformed Native American culture in the plains region

Maize

corn

cacao

seed used to make chocolate

Okra

Green vegetable from Africa

rice

grain brought by Africans to the Americas

Sugarcane

Tropical plant used to make sugar, molasses, and rum

Transatlantic Slave Trade

sale of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas

Engenos

Portuguese word for "engines", used to describe sugar plantations because they processed so much sugar

cash crop

crop grown for sale rather than personal use

African diaspora

group of worldwide communities descended from Africans

creole

languages blending African and European words and grammar

gumbo

American dish with roots in African cooking