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What climate zones are found in Russia?

Tundra, Subarctic, Humid Continental, Steppe, Semi-arid, and Highland.

What type of forest is primarily found in subarctic climates?

Taiga forests; characterized by coniferous trees and small shrubs.

Where is the steppe climate located in Russia?

South-western Russia, parts of Kazakhstan, overlaps with semi-arid climate.

What is the significance of Lake Baikal?

It is the biggest, deepest, and oldest freshwater lake, holding 20% of the world's freshwater and is important for biodiversity and research.

What role do the Ural Mountains play in Russia's geography?

They split Europe and Asia and are important for the iron and coal industry in Russia.

How might climate zones affect agricultural practices in Russia?

The Steppe climate provides fertile soil for agriculture, the Humid Continental has a balanced climate, while the Tundra/Subarctic offers little to no agricultural capacity.

What importance do Russian rivers have?

They facilitate transportation of people and goods; notable rivers include the Volga, Lena, Ob, and Yensei.

Why are most Russians concentrated in western and southern regions?

The humid continental climate provides favorable living conditions with all four seasons and mixed forests for agriculture.

Compare plant and animal life in the Tundra versus mountain regions.

Tundra has limited vegetation (lichens, moss), while mountains have coniferous forests and a wider biodiversity.

Describe the social and economic conditions in Russia prior to the revolution.

There were sharp class divisions with peasants making very little money, leading to growing unrest.

What was the role of Tsar Nicholas II in pre-revolutionary Russia?

He was an absolute ruler whose lack of control and response to hardships made him unpopular with the people.

Analyze Vladimir Lenin's role in the Bolshevik seizure of power.

Lenin transformed Russia's political landscape by prioritizing the needs of the people and leading the Bolsheviks out of WWI.

Discuss the Russian Civil War. Who were the main participants?

The Bolsheviks (red) against anti-communist forces (white), with Lenin and Trotsky leading the Bolsheviks.

What was the 'Great Terror' and how did it impact Soviet society?

A purge of anti-soviets during 1936-1938 that led to industrialization and 5-year economic plans.

Explain the process of collectivization. What were its economic goals and human costs?

Collectivization made farmers work collectively, leading to economic growth but also severe famine.

How did communist ideology spread beyond Russia's borders?

It influenced global revolutionary movements, causing conflicts due to opposing ideologies.

Evaluate the New Economic Policy (NEP). Why did Lenin introduce it?

Lenin introduced NEP to support economic recovery and to limit private enterprises.

How did leaders like Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky shape the course of the Russian Revolution?

They led the Bolsheviks, transformed economic goals, and shaped the Soviet Union's impact on society.

What were the long-term consequences of the Russian Revolution?

The USSR became a major world power, controlling all life aspects, and spreading communist ideology worldwide.