AP World History Vocab List 1 and 2

Agriculture

The science or practice of farming, including the cultivation of soil and rearing of animals.

Artisan

a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand

buoyed

cause (a price) to rise to or remain at a high level.

bureaucracy

A system of government made up of multiple levels of state officials with decision making power spread throughout the levels of the government.

capacity

the maximum amount that something can contain or produce

causation

the action of causing something or making it happen

coerced

Persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats.

commercial

Concerned with or engaged in commerce (large scale buying/selling) and trade

comparison

a consideration or estimate of the similarities or dissimilarities between two things or people.

context

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.

continuity

The unbroken and continuous existence of an idea, effect, or concept over extended periods of time.

deference

humble submission and respect.

diasporic

A specific group of people being dispersed from their original homeland. This can occur by choice or by force.

diffusion

the spreading of something more widely.

emerged

move out of or away from something and come into view.

feudalism

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

fragmented

Existing or functioning as though broken into separate parts instead of a single whole

imperial

relating to an empire

indigenous

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

hemisphere

One half of a sphere, in this case the globe

interregional

relating to or occurring between different regions.

manor

a large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate

manufacturing

The making of articles for sale on a large scale, typically using machinery or manual labor

maritime

Connected to the sea; especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.

modify

make partial or minor changes to (something), typically so as to improve it or to make it less extreme.

monsoon

a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation

pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

peasant

a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).

piety

a belief or point of view that is accepted with unthinking conventional reverence.

scope

the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.

serfdom

the state of being a serf or feudal laborer tied to the land.

state

a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory

Subsequent

coming after something in time; following

tapestry

a piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs formed by weaving colored weft threads or by embroidering on canvas, used as a wall hanging or furniture covering

textile

a type of cloth or woven fabric

Protestant Reformation

16th century religious movement in Europe that led to the creation of Protestant faiths in opposition to Catholicism

Devshirme

Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples and training and converting them to be Muslim soldiers

Janissaries

the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and the first modern standing army in Europe

Tax Farming

the state auctions off the right to collect taxes to the highest bidder (the farmer) and the selected individual collects taxes on behalf of the state and is able to keep any money they collect above the agreed upon amount.

Sikhism

religious community founded in northern India by Guru Nanak that rejected caste divisions

Trading-Post Empire

Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples

Sponsorship

Financial support designed to make an action possible with credit and reward going to the sponsor

Asante

African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680 and participated in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory

Mit’a System

Mandatory service of 2 years for all individuals in the Inca Empire

Encomienda System

A system that relied on the forced labor of the native population in the Spanish colonial Empire

Hacienda System

The system of appointing or giving large estates or plantations to colonists in Spanish colonial America for them to govern as they see fit

Joint Stock Company

A business owned by its investors, with each investor owning a share based on the amount of stock purchased

Casta System

A racial hierarchy created in colonial Spain to designate social class placement based on lineage connection to Spain

Tribute Collection

A system in which a state would send gifts or valuables to a receiving station in order to demonstrate loyalty and avoid conflict

Cash Crops

An agricultural crop that is purposely made to only be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible

Mercantilism

An economic system in which governments use their economies to enhance their power at the expense of other countries

Resistance

The refusal to accept or comply with something; attempt to prevent something by action or argument.

Dispute

A heated disagreement, argument or debate.

Monumental

Great in importance, extent, or size; serving as a monument or tribute to

Syncretic

Combining or bringing together different philosophical, religious, or cultural principles and practices

Monopoly

the exclusive control of a commodity, market or means of production

Elites

A select group that is superior (or treated as superior) in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society

Mortality

The state or condition of being subject to death. Mortality rates are often used to measure the number of deaths associated with a specific action or event.

Secular

Denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis

Chastity

Also known as purity; a virtue related to temperance used to describe someone who is chaste and therefore refrains from activities considered immoral. Monks in this time period were expected to take a vow of chastity.

Heretical

Holding an opinion at odds with what is generally accepted, especially when challenging the established religious orders.

Cultivation

The act of preparing land and growing crops on it, or the act of growing a particular crop:

Substantial

of considerable importance, size, or worth; concerning the essential values of a concept

Predecessor

a person or thing that has been followed or replaced by another - ie: Queen Elizabeth was King Charles’ predecessor.

Patron

a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity

Colonialism

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and impose political, economic, and cultural practices in another territory

Endemic

A disease or condition regularly found among inhabitants (people, plants, or animals) in a certain area