Social Psychology

Social Psychology

Social Psychology

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

Focuses more on the individual as a social being.

Sociocultural Theory

Lev Vygotsky

Interaction between developing people and their culture

Importance of understanding how cultural beliefs and attitudes also shape behavior and learning.

Ecological Systems Theory

Uri Bronfrenbrenner

Understanding behavior of the individual through knowing their immediate environment

Five different systems: micro, meso, exo, macro, chrono

Need to Belong Theory

Forming groups is a biologically based need for interpersonal connections

Threat of social isolation can promote unhealthy behavior

Social exclusion activates the same brain areas as physical pain.

Evolutionary factors

Need to form social groups as means of survival

Social influence processes generally serve us well, unless accepted unquestioningly.

Social facilitation or disruption

Need to form groups elicited by the presence of others.

Social Cognition

How people select, interpret, remember and use social information

Understanding this allows us to explain our own behavior and of others.

Attitude

Set of emotions, beliefs and behavior towards other

Mental and emotional entity that characterizes a person.

positive – negative – uncertain

explicit - implicit

ABC Model of Attitudes

Affective; Feelings and Emotions Behavioral; Past and Future activity Cognitive; Thoughts and beliefs

Attitude Formation

Result of a number of different influences that shape how we see others

Formed through learning

Stereotype

Generalization about a group’s characteristic without consideration of individual variations

Persuasion

Process or attempt to change the attitude of others

Affected by a source, message, or target audience

Cognitive Dissonance

Sense of discomfort resulting from engagement in inconsistency with personal cognitions

Social Identity

Way we define ourselves through group memberships

Social Perception

Self-knowledge and impressions by comparing ourselves with others

Way we present ourselves is influenced by the way others perceive us

Social Influence

How behavior is influenced by others

Conformity

Change in behavior to fit in with a group's standard

Seeking of approval

Group Thinking

Cohesiveness in decision making to maintain harmony, usually avoiding critical thinking/evaluating facts

Compliance

Absence of any real authority or power in a group resulting in a change behavior as response

Foot In the door Technique

Type of compliance technique where after gaining compliance from a small commitment, a larger one is being asked

Door in the face Technique

Type of compliance technique wherein asking for a smaller commitment is a result from being refused over asking for a larger commitment

Low ball technique

Type of compliance technique wherein the cost of the commitment is raised after getting a prior commitment

Thats not all technique

Type of compliance technique wherein the persuader adds something extra to an offer to make it look better

Obedience

Changing behavior at the direct order of an authority figure

Milgram's Experiment on Obedience

Stanley Milgram (1975) How much impact can social influence have on behavior?

Group Polarization Effect

A type of group behavior wherein a position is solidified and further strengthened as a result of a group discussion

Task performance

A group's behavior can be affected by social influences, facilitation being positive, and impairment as negative

Social Loafing

Behavior of people are prone to exerting less effort in a task when part of a group compared to when working alone

Social Relation

How relationships with affect our behavior

Intergroup Relation

How relationship between multiple groups affect behavior of individual members

Ethnocentrism

Tendency to favor own ethnic group over other groups

Prejudice

Unjustified negative attitude towards an individual based on group membership

Discrimination

Unjustified harmful action toward a member of a group simply because of their membership

Aggression

A social interaction wherein physical or psychological harm is inflicted to others

Prosocial Behavior

A type of social interaction wherein the behavior benefits others;

Importance of empathy

Altruism

Unselfish interest in helping someone without expecting a reward in return

Attraction

Desire for relationship with others

Triarchic Theory of Love

Robert Sternberg

Composed of three factors Passion [Infatuation] Intimacy [Desire] Commitment [Decision and Responsibility]

Romantic

Type of Love wherein only Intimacy and Passion are present

Companionate

Type of Love where only Intimacy and Commitment are present

Consummate

All three components, Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment are present

C

Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance?

a. Wearing glasses is dignified; a respected political leader wears glasses.

b. Healthy living entails diet and exercise, best to have balanced meal and a sport which you enjoy doing.

c. People who post food on their IG are insensitive to world’s hunger. Shares on social media the ribeye steak they had for lunch.

d. Orange juice is healthy; I love orange juice.

B

Many people hang up on telemarketers, but others will listen politely to their pitches even if they are not interested in the product.

Telemarketers know that anyone who agrees to listen to a pitch is more likely to buy the product, because of the ________ phenomenon.

a. Risky Shift b. Foot-in-the-door c. Door-in-the-face d. Polarization

A

Which situation would be least likely to result in a decrease of prejudice?

a. Asking people to work on separate projects but in the same room

b. Asking people to work on a common task

c. Given each person a piece of information to share with the other to solve a problem

d. People of various backgrounds helping rescue others from a flood

D

The story of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and their erring families, is a classic example of how conflicts between groups can affect the relationship and behavior of these two star-crossed lovers.

This is an example of…

a. Social Identity b. Social Perception c. Social Standing d. Social Relations

B

After watching the Presidential interviews, and talking to their teenage children, Johnny and Maria have decided to vote this coming 2022 elections. They changed their mind after their children have pointed out that it is every Filipino’s duty to cast their vote on the candidate for the welfare of the whole country.

Johnny and Maria were amazed at the conviction of their children.

This is an example of ________________.

a. Social Impression b. Social Influence c. Social Cognition d. Social Relations