Studied by 72 PeopleWashington Presidency
Tags & Description
Washington Presidency
He shaped the role: set boundaries Elected unanimously twice Cabinet system: A small team of advisors to aid his decisions 2 terms
What did Washington do?
HE PROVIDED STABILITY
Washington's Cabinet
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War: Henry Knox Attorney General: Edmund Randolph VP: John Adams
Hamilton's Vision
Strong central gov Becoming an Industrial nation to help globalize
Hamilton Supporters
Banks, businesses, and wealthy people
Jefferson's Vision
Thinks that central gov is tyranny waiting to happen STATES RIGHTS> federal gov Opposed Hamilton in every way Vision: Society of small farmers
Political Parties
Federalists: 1st organized party Democratic-Republicans
Hamilton: Constitutional Considerations
Loose Interpretation Focus on what is permitted rather than restricted
Jefferson: Constitutional Considerations
Strict Interpretation Focus on what is restricted rather than permitted
Necessary and Proper Clause
What Hamilton used for justifying loose interpretation
Hamilton's Financial Plan
Objective 1: Strengthen National Credit-provides unity Objective 2: Raise Revenue to pay Revolutionary War debts Objective 3: Proposed BANK OF US
How does Hamilton raise revenue?
Develop a national currency
Put tariffs on foreign items
Why does Hamilton want to pay back the Revolutionary War dept?
He says that it sets the precedent for other nations to trust them: Helps them engage in trade
Washington Abroad
Proclamation of Neutrality(1793)
Jay's Treaty (1794)
Pinckney's Treaty(1795)
Proclamation of Neutrality: Hamilton
Hamilton said that they should not support the French because they only agreed to help the old French government in the war, not the revolution. Federalists support him
Proclamation of Neutrality: Jefferson
He thinks that we should repay them for helping the U.S; He's sympathetic Gets support from the Democratic Republicans
Jay’s Treaty
Between America and Britain Tanked his reputation because it’s an agreement with Britain
Jay’s Treaty causes: Britain
Impressed U.S sailors Occupied forts on U.S territory
Jay’s Treaty Causes: America
Harassed former Loyalists Didn’t pay back war debts
Pinckney’s Treaty Cause
Spain was scared of the U.S and Britain treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty Effect
Spain gave America everything they wanted ALLOWED THEM TO TAKE GOODS DOWN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Whiskey Rebellion
Excise tax angers farmers: makes them tar and feather tax collectors Washington sends army to Massachusetts; no deaths
Whiskey Rebellion Impact
Teaches people that they have the right to protest, not revolt. If they want to change a law, they can vote. Tax sticked around
Washington's Farewell
Printed on newspaper; Warned the nation of 3 problems
Political parties-Warned against them: said it was disunity
Sectionalism-Avoids being together
Foreign Entanglement: Doesn't like permanent alliances
John Adams
Doesn't get same support as Washington; made fun of for being bald and short XYZ Affair Trio of Acts
Alien 2.Sedition 3.Naturalization
XYZ Affair
France impressing U.S vessels
Trio of Acts
Alien-deport or detain any “alien” deemed dangerous 2.Sedition-limit criticism of president and congress 3.Naturalization-14 years for alien to become citizen
Jefferson Strikes back
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions -The nullification omen
Election of 1800
Jefferson (DR), Burr (DR), Adams (F) Whispering Campaign- Rumors spread to chip away at each candidate's reputation Tie decided by House of Reps. -People listened to what Hamilton said: He endorsed Jefferson
Revolution of 1800
Smooth transfer of power to Jefferson First party transfer Repeal, Replace, Reduce, Restraint
Repeal
Excise taxes, especially on whiskey
Replace
Laws that he didn't like; 5 years instead of 14 to become a citizen from an immigrant
Reduce
Reduce size of the military to save money
Restraint
Jefferson keeps most of the laws made by Adams and Washington UPHOLDS NEUTRALITY
Louisiana Purchase
France wants out of America Jefferson spends 15 million on all of French America Adds 1/3 of U.S
Jefferson's dilemma
Nothing in the Constitution said he could buy land Follows loose interpretation to justify himself
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) Goals: science, commercial, and diplomatic Diplomatic: Tells Lewis and Clark to establish good relationships Commercial: Money
Jefferson's 2nd Term
Easy win in 1804 Napoleonic Wars -More ocean trouble Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) -Caused Embargo Act of 1807
Embargo Act of 1807
A trade ban on ALL FOREIGN GOODS Raises American production Reminds people that America is a young nation FULLY ISOLATED THE US
The Marshall Court
Adams’ “Midnight judges” -Dem-Reps cry foul Chief Justice John Marshall “Washington of the Supreme Court” LAST THING FEDERALISTS DO
James Madison
Jefferson’s pick in 1808 election Starts War Nonintercourse Act(1809) Macon’s Bill #2
Nonintercourse Act of 1809
Said that the U.S would not trade with or interfere in Napoleons wars betweeen Britain and France
Macon’s Bill No. 2
U.S said that they would lift embargo on either Britain or France depending on who stopped impressing U.S Vessels
Macon’s Bill No.2: Napoleon
Says that he will stop impressing vessels- U.S lifts embargo
Didn’t stop impressing vessels- Backfired on U.S.
Madison War Causes
Impressment National honor Native Americans Desire for Canada War Hawks
Madison War Effects
Treaty of Ghent Surging nationalism Int. respect too Rise in Industry POINTLESS WAR
Treaty of Ghent
Basically restored the territory of U.S and Canada to what it was before. The status quo stays the same Leads to demilitarization of Great Lakes
international respect
Other countries respected them; Trade grew as a result
Federalist Fallout
Hartford Convention: Radical Federalists call for succession Federalism seen as unpatriotic Don’t win elextions anymore