Communicable Diseases - Additional Info

Trismus

neck & facial muscle rigidity in Tetanus

Risus Sardonicus

grinning expression = board like abdomen - for Tetanus

Opisthotonos

bridging or arching position in Tetanus

0.5 cc

How much Tetanus Toxoid should be administered IM after 72 hours of getting it?

Category I Bite

Intact skin, licking

Category II Bite

mucosal, non bleeding wounds, abrassions

Category III Bite

Bleeding bites & above neck, stray dogs, laceration, multiple bites.

Excitement or Neurological Phase of Rabies

Markled excitation and apprehension. Delirium with nuchal rigidity, involuntary twitching or generalized convulsions. Maniachal behaviour: eyes are fixed and glossy & skin cold & clammy Aerophobia & profuse drooling

Terminal or Paralytic Phase of Rabies

Quiet & unconscious, loss of bowel & urinary control, paralysis, death.

Abortive Poliomyelitis

does not invade CNS, headache, sorethroat, mod. Fever, occsional vomiting. Low lumbar pain, recovers within 72 hrs.

Non-Paralytic Poliomylitis

all signs of abortive are observed, spasm of the muscles of hamstring, changes in deep & superficial reflexes, pain in neck, back, arms, legs & abdomen, in ability to place the head in between knees

Pandy's Test

is done on the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) to detect the elevated levels of proteins (mainly globulins).- For Polio

Paralytic Polio

all from abortive & non paralytic are observed. paralysis occurs, less tendon reflexes

Hoyne's Sign

head falls back limply(head lag/drop)

Brudzinski Test for Polio

the patient lies on back, and the examiner puts one hand behind the patient's head & the other on the chest. Using the hand behind the neck to raise the head, but pressing on the chest with the other hand, if the hips and knees flex, positive

Kernig Test for Polio

pt. lying flat, the examiner flexes a hip 90 degrees, & then attempts to extend the lower leg at the knee. Pain on extension is a + sign. If + but the straight leg raise also produces back painsciatic nerve inflammation

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

rapid development of petechia that becomes purpuric or ecchymotic hemorrhage scatter over the entire body & mucous membrane. Failure of Adrenal Glands due to Meningitis

Early Leprosy

skin lesions & paresthesia.

Late Leprosy

Lagopthalmos (eyelids do not completely shut), madarosis (absence or loss of eyelashes) , gynecomastia, saddle nose, contractures

Lepromatous Leprosy (Multibacillary)

most infectious, can damaged RT, eyes, tetstes as well as nerves & skin.

Tuberculoid Leprosy

affects peripheral nerve & sorrounding skin esp. on the face, eyes,& testes, macules elevated.

Borderline Leprosy

has charac. Of both, skin lesions is diffused & poorly defined.

Early Botulism

visual difficulty, dysphagia, dry mouth - Botulism

Late Botulism

vomiting, constipation/diarrhea, descending flaccid bulbar paralysis - Botulism

Rifampicin

One drug for Leprosy

Cholera

= rice watery stool with fishy odor.

= washerwoman's appearance = severe dehydration

Hepatomegaly

One key features of Schistosomiasis. This causes RUQ pain

Catarrhal Stage of Pertussis

most communicable; mucoid rhinoria, sneezing, lacrimnation &dry bronchial cough (irritating, hacking).1-2 wks.

Paroxysmal Stage of Pertussis

7 - 14 day; cough become spasmodic with recurrent excessive , explosive outburst (5-10 rapid cough in one expiration) thay may induce nosebleeding, ↑venous pressure, periorbital edema, conjunctival hemorrhage, face becomes cyanotic, bulging eyes & tongue protrudes.

Convalescent Stage

- gradual ↓in paroxysms of coughing both in frequency & severity.

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

The 4 drugs for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (RIPE)

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

purulent,rusty sputum

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

yellow, blood streaked

Klebsiella Species

red, gelatinous sputum

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

non productive, mucoid sputum

Toxic or Hemorrhagic Stage of Dengue

The second stage of Dengue. Lowering body temp, severe abdominal pain, GIT bleeding, vomiting, hematemesis, melena, narrow BP, shock

4 days

1st stage of dengue lasts for?

4-7 days

2nd stage of dengue lasts for?

7-10 days

3rd stage of dengue lasts for?

Wuchereria Bancrofti

affects lymph nodes & vessels of the legs, arms, vulva & breast. - For Filiariasis

Brugia Malayi

areas below the knees & below elbows - for Filiariasis

Brugia Timori

affects genetals - For Filiriasis

Pre-eruptive Stage

Fever, catarrhal symptoms (rhinitis, conjunctivitis,photophobia, coryzahead cold or inflammation of mucus membrane). Koplik's spot, Stimson's line. - for Measles

Eruptive Stage

maculo papular rash (Cephalocaudal), high grade fever, anorexia - For Measles

Macule

a lesion that is not elevated above the skin surfaces

Papule

a lesion that is elevated with a diametr of about 3cm.

Vesicle

pop like erution filled with fluid, dries up in 3 - 5 days

Pustule

a vesicle that is infected or filled with pus and the scar maybe big and wide

Crust

is a scab or eschar. A secondary lesion caused by the secretion of the vesicle drying on the skin. It is superficial, depigmented & take time to fade out.