antibiotics microbio

penicillin

b lactam

- inhibit cell wall

- r group changes function

- narrow spectrum -> G+ only

- bacteriocidal

- natural

ampicillin

b lactam

- inhibit cell wall

- semisynthetic

- bactericidal

- increased hydrophobicity (added CH bonds)

- increases permeability across OM

- broad spectrum

methicillin

b lactam

- inhibit cell wall

- semisynthetic

- bactericidal

- narrow spectrum -> G+ only

- block access to b lactam ring by making a bulky r group

- b lactamase now cant access b lactam ring

cephalosporins

b lactams

- inhibit cell wall

- natural

- broad

- bactericidal

- have a diff ring next to b lactam ring

bulky -> makes them resistant to b lactamase

- hydrophobic -> helps it be broad spectrum

Carbepenems

b lactams

- inhibit cell wall

- natural

- broad

- bactericidal

- more hydrophobic then penicillin and smaller

polypeptides

cell wall inhibitors that aren't B lactams

- stop PG from forming by blocking things

- bacitracin, vancomycin

- narrow spectrum

- bactericidal

- natural

chloramphenicol

inhibit protein synthesis

stops ribosome from making peptide bond by binding to large subunit

- no protein made

- broad spectrum, static, natural

aminoglycosides

inhibit protein synthesis

bind to small subunit -> changing shape

- causes mRNA to be read wrong

SO making protein, but its incorrect

- broad, static, natural

tetracycline

inhibit protein synthesis

- binds to small subunit and block tRNA binding/attachment

- no protein made

- semisynthetic and natural

- static bc it doesnt disrupt the membrane

- broad spectrum

macrolides

inhibit protein synthesis

- binds large subunit and blocks polypeptide from leaving

- protein still made but cant leave

- static, broad, natural

polymyxin

disrupt plasma membrane

- bactericidal

- narrow spectrum -> G- only

^ bc of long hydrophobic tail

- natural

- inserts into OM of gram negative and blocks function

rifamycin

binds to rna polymerase and stops RNA synthesis

- inhibit synthesis of mRNA

- broad spectrum

- static

- natural

quinolones

bind to DNA gyrase and stops DNA replication

- broad spectrum

- synthetic

- bacteriostatic

b lactams

disruption of cell wall synthesis

- bactericidal

produced by fungi

inhibiting protein synthesis

chloramphenicol

aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

macrolides

bacitracin

narrow spectrum

poly

stops PG parts from getting to where they need to go

vancomycin

narrow spectrum

stops NAG and NAM addtions by getting in the way