Barry BMS Anatomy Comp Exam 2025

What is the only ligament that limits extension?

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

What ligament limits flexion?

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

What ligament connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks together?

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

What ligament runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies?

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

What ligament is a broad, pale yellow band of elastic tissue that joins the laminae of adjacent vertebrae?

Ligamenta Flava

What ligaments are considered weak ligaments that join adjacent spinous processes together?

Interspinous Ligaments

What membrane is considered an extension of the ligamenta flava?

Posterior Atlanto-Axial Membrane

What ligament extends from the occipital protuberance and posterior boarder of the foramen magnum to the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae?

Nuchal Ligament

What vertebrae has no body?

C1 Atlas

Thoracic and sacral vertebrae form what type of curvature?

Primary Curvature

What type of curvature develops during the fetal period and is related to the fetal (flexed) position?

Primary Curvature

What type of curvature develops from an extension from the fetal position and begins to develop during the late fetal period?

Secondary Curvature

Primary curvature is called?

Kyphosis

Secondary curvature is called?

Lordosis

What is the medical term for hunchback?

Kyphosis

True or False:

Primary Curvature is not a deformity

True

What ribs do not attach to the sternum at all?

11-12 (Floating Ribs)

what rib has a scalene tubercle?

Rib 1

What rib has an attachment for the anterior scalene muscle?

Rib 1

What duct drains most of the body?

thoracic duct

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Left Subclavian Vein

What duct drains the right upper side of the body?

Right Lymphatic Duct

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Right Subclavian Vein

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

aorta, thoracic duct, azygous and hemiazygous vein.

What is the biggest aperture of the diaphragm?

Caval Opening

What passes through the caval opening?

Inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve

What opening does the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve pass through?

Caval Opening

The azygos vein is on the ______________ side of the body and drains into the superior vena cava

Right

Where does the azygos vein drain?

superior vena cava

The hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein are both on the _______________ side of the body.

Left

At what level does the hemiazygos vein cross over to the right side of the body to join the azygos vein?

T9

What type of lymph nodes drain most of the lateral portions of the breasts?

Axillary Lymph Nodes

In which lung is the pulmonary artery superior and central?

Right Lung

In which lung is the pulmonary artery in superior most position?

Left Lung

In which lung is the main bronchus in the superoposterior position?

Right Lung

In which lung is the main bronchus in the posteriocentral position?

Left Lung

Which lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures?

right lung

What is the name of the fissure in the right lung that separates the superior and middle lobe?

Horizontal Fissure

What is the name of the fissure that separates the two lobes in the left lung?

Oblique Fissure

Which lung contains the cardiac notch in the superior lobe?

Left Lung

Which bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical?

Right Main Bronchus

The first sound of the heart (lub) is due to the closure of what valves?

Tricuspid and Mitral Valves

The second sound of the heart (dub) is due to the closure of what valves?

Semilunar valves

What chamber of the heart forms most of the base of the heart?

Left Atrium

What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid Valve

What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

The sound of the mitral valve closure is maximal at which intercostal space?

Left 5th Intercostal Space

What vein runs with the anterior inter-ventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the anterior part of the heart?

Great Cardiac Vein

pocket-like recess in the pericardial cavity formed by the L atrium. It is a blind sac

Oblique Pericardial Sinus

True or False:

The apex of the heart stays motionless during the cardiac cycle.

True

What two arteries are the first to branch off of the aorta?

Right Coronary Artery and Left Coronary Artery

True or False:

The thymus extends inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum during childhood, but recedes back into the superior mediastinum during adulthood.

True

What artery is the first and largest branch of the arch of aorta?

Brachiocephalic Trunk

The continuation of the arch of aorta is?

Thoracic Aorta

True or False:

The trachea is apart of the posterior mediastinum.

False the trachea is located in the superior mediastinum

What nerves primarily supply the posterior mediastinum?

Greater, Lesser, and Least Splanchnic Nerves

What are the three branches of the arch of aorta from right to left?

1. Brachiocephalic Trunk

2. Left Common Carotid Artery

3. Left Subclavian Artery

What are the two branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

Right Common Carotid and Right Subclavian

What structure on the clavicle provides support for the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Conoid Tubercle

What structure on the clavicle provides support for the lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Trapezoid Line

What is the name of the groove between the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle of the humerus and provides a passage for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachi?

Intertubercular Groove

What part of the humerus articulates with the radius?

Capitulum

What part of the humerus articulates with the ulna?

Trochlea

Extensor muscles of the arm attach to which epicondyle?

Lateral

Flexor muscles of the arm attach to which epicondyle?

Medial

Golfers elbow is related to ____________________ muscles

Flexor

Tennis elbow is related to _____________________ muscles

Extensor

Which joint is the only articulation between the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton?

Sternoclavicular Joint

The junction between the medial 2/3rd and the lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle is the weakest point and more prone to fractures. What is this point called?

Inflection Point

What is the name of the cavity on the scapula where the humerus articulates?

Glenohumeral Joint

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus may cause damage to which nerve?

Axillary Nerve

Integrity of the axillary nerve is texted how?

By touching the deltoid muscle

What ligament encircles the radial head holding it against the radial notch of the ulna?

Annular Ligament

Lifting a child by their forearm can dislocate what ligament?

Annular Ligament

What are the bones in the proximal row of the wrist from lateral to medial?

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

What are the bones in the distal row of the wrist from medial to lateral?

Hamate

Capitate

Trapezoid

Trapezium

What carpal bone is the largest in the proximal row?

Scaphoid Bone

What is the largest of all the carpal bones?

Capitate

Dislocation of the _______________________ joint causes the shoulder to lose its natural contour and causes the acromion process to become the most lateral bony structure.

Acromioclavicular

What grade of dislocation is a sprain of the acromioclaviular joint?

Grade 1

What grade of dislocation is a tear of the acromioclavicular ligament and a sprain of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Grade 2

What grade of disloaction is a complete tear of both the acromioclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament?

Grade 3

What are all of the rotator cuff muscles?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

For the initial 15 degree of abducting the arm, what muscle assists the deltoid in doing so?

Supraspinatus

What muscle contains a groove that provides passage for the cephalic vein?

Pec Major

What are the only two muscles in the body innervated by cranial nerve XI (Accessory Nerve)?

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

Musculocutaneous Nerve

What nerve innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Radial Nerve

What is the only muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm that is a flexor?

Brachioradialis Muscle

What is the correct order of the brachial plexus?

Hint: Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer

Roots>Trunks>Divisions>Cords>Branches

The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of _________-________

C5-T1

What roots form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

C5-C6

What root forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

C7

What roots form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

C8-T1

The anterior divisions of the brachial plexus supply which muscle group in the arm?

Anterior Compartment (Flexors)

The posterior divisions of the brachial plexus supply which muscle group in the arm?

Posterior Compartment (Extensors)

The anterior division of the superior and middle trunks make up what cord of the brachial plexus?

Lateral Cord

The posterior division of the superior, middle, and inferior trunks make of what cord of the brachial plexus?

Posterior Cord

The anterior division of the inferior trunk makes up what cord of the brachial plexus?

Medial Cord

What part of the brachial plexus is labeled in reference to the axillary artery?

Cords