3) SEA without the West: the Fading of the Cold War, 1973–90

By what year had all US combat troops been withdrawn from Vietnam?

1973

How much military aid did the U.S. provide to South Vietnam in 1973 compared to 1974?

$2.3 billion in 1973, reduced to $1 billion in 1974

What year did the Thieu regime collapse?

1975

When did North Vietnamese tanks enter Saigon?

April 30, 1975

When was Vietnam officially reunified under communist control?

July 2, 1976

When did Prince Sihanouk rule Cambodia as head of state before being deposed?

From 1955 to 1970

When did the US begin bombing Cambodia in Operation Menu?

March 1969

How many tons of bombs did the US drop on Cambodia between 1969–73?

Over 500,000 tons

When was Sihanouk deposed by General Lon Nol?

March 1970

When did the Khmer Rouge seize Phnom Penh?

April 17, 1975

What was the estimated population loss under Khmer Rouge rule (1975–79)?

Between 1.5 and 2 million people

What year did Vietnam invade Cambodia and remove the Khmer Rouge?

December 1978 – January 1979

How many Vietnamese troops were involved in the 1979 invasion?

Around 120,000

What was Pol Pot’s real name?

Saloth Sar

Which major power backed the Khmer Rouge during the 1970s?

China

When did the brief Sino-Vietnamese War occur?

February–March 1979

How many Chinese troops invaded northern Vietnam in 1979?

Around 200,000

How long did the war between China and Vietnam in 1979 last?

About 28 days

What were estimated casualties in the 1979 border war?

Estimated tens of thousands on both sides

During the 1980s, how often did China and Vietnam engage in border clashes?

Clashes occurred frequently, especially 1984–87, but not at full war scale

What was Singapore’s GDP growth rate in the 1980s

Averaged around 7–8% annually

When did Malaysia launch its “Look East” policy, inspired by Japan and South Korea?

1981

What was Thailand’s GDP growth rate in the mid-1980s?

Averaged around 6–7%

What key factor limited Vietnam’s economic growth during the 1980s?

Centralized command economy and Soviet-style collectivization

When did Vietnam initiate Doi Moi (“Renovation”) economic reforms?

1986