PHA 329: Endocrine System Practice Questions

This gland produces thyroid hormone

Thyroid gland

This gland releases oxytocin

Posterior pituitary

This gland contains islets of Langerhans

Pancreas

Antidiuretic hormone is synthesized here

Hypothalamus

These cells secrete C-peptide

Pancreatic beta cells

This chemical class of hormones is synthesized from cholesterol

Steroid hormones

This hormone is a mineralocorticoid

Aldosterone

Hormones with this characteristic require transport proteins

Lipophilic (hydrophobic)

Thyroid hormone is derived from this amino acid

Tyrosine

This thyroid hormone has the higher affinity for thyroid hormone receptors

T3 (triiodothyronine)

Somatostatin inhibits the release of this hormone

Growth hormone

The release of this hormone is primarily stimulated by an increase in blood glucose

Insulin

Dopamine inhibits the release of this hormone

Prolactin

An increase in blood osmolarity increases the release of this hormone

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / vasopressin

Deep sleep and exercise increase the release of this pituitary hormone

Growth hormone

This hormone causes uterine contractions

Oxytocin

This hormone reduces urination

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / vasopressin

This hormone increases the basal metabolic rate by stimulating anabolic and catabolic processes

Thyroid hormone

The primary function of this hormone is to increase blood glucose

Glucagon

This hormone causes renal excretion of potassium

Aldosterone

An adult with elevated growth hormone levels will develop this condition

Acromegaly

In this condition, receptors become desensitized to the effects of a hormone

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A patient with damage to the adrenal cortex may develop this condition

Addison disease

A patient with low levels of vasopressin has this condition

Diabetes insipidus

This condition causes immunosuppression and elevated blood pressure

Cushing syndrome

Compression of the pituitary stalk preventing hypothalamic hormones from reaching the anterior pituitary results in elevated levels of this hormone

Prolactin

A hormone synthesized as a preprohormone is what type of hormone

Hydrophilic protein hormone

Hydrophilic hormones are stored in vesicles prior to release

True

Hydrophilic hormones activate cell membrane receptors

True

Hormone A lowers sodium levels and hormone B increases sodium levels; this relationship is called

Antagonism

Positive feedback loops are uncommon in biological systems

True

Autoantibodies causing decreased function of a target endocrine cell result in high upstream hormone and low downstream hormone

Hormone A high, hormone B low

In the HPA axis, ACTH is released from the

Anterior pituitary

Glucagon is released from these cells

Pancreatic alpha cells

Cortisol does NOT cause this physiological effect

Decreased blood glucose

Thyroid hormone causes which physiological effects

Increased metabolic rate and increased respiration

Hypoglycemia triggers the release of this hormone

Glucagon

This hormone inhibits growth hormone release

Somatostatin

This hormone is NOT secreted by the adrenal gland

Thyroxine

The primary function of CRH in the HPA axis

Stimulates anterior pituitary to release ACTH

Cushing syndrome is associated with this hormone alteration

Elevated cortisol

Lack of deiodinase enzyme results in low levels of this hormone

T3